Title Fundamentals of test measurement instrumentation / by Keith Cheatle

Published Research Triangle Park, NC : ISA--Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, ©2006

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Description 1 online resource (xvi, 329 pages) : illustrations Series Knovel Library Contents Machine derived contents note: Table of -- Contents -- 1 Introduction to Test Measurement Instrumentation. 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 Why and Where Test Measurement Instrumentation Is Used 2 -- 1.3 Components of a Test Measurement System 3 -- 1.4 Characteristics of an Ideal Test Measurement System 11 -- 1.5 Differences between Test Measurement Instrumentation and -- Process Instrumentation 15 -- 1.6 Smart Transducers 17 -- 2 Static Transducer Characteristics 19 -- 2.1 -- Hysteresis 25 -- 2.2 -- Deadband 28 -- 2.3 -- Linearity 31 -- 2.4 -- Conformity 36 -- 2.5 -- Repeatability 38 -- 2.6 -- Accuracy 40 -- 2.7 -- Resolution 41 -- 2.8 -- Environmental Effects on Transducer Characteristics 41 -- 3 Dynamic Transducer Characteristics 43 -- 3.1 Frequency Response 45 -- 3.2 Response Time 47 -- 3.3 Damping 48 -- v -- 4 Transducer Types 51 -- 4.1 Temperature Transducers 51 -- 4.2 Pressure Transducers 66 -- 4.3 Flow Transducers 76 -- 4.4 Displacement Transducers 87 -- 4.5 Velocity Transducers 99 -- 4.6 Acceleration Transducers 103 -- 4.7 Force Transducers 108 -- 4.8 Strain Transducers 112 -- 5 Signal Conditioning 121 -- 5.1 Voltage Amplifiers 123 -- 5.2 Linearizing Amplifiers 126 -- 5.3 Strain Gauge Amplifiers 126 -- 5.4 Charge Amplifiers 129 -- 5.5 Filters 131 -- 5.6 Signal Isolators 133 -- 5.7 Analog-to-Digital Converters 133 -- 5.8 Differential versus Single-Ended Inputs 135 -- 6 Transducer Installation 139 -- 6.1 Wiring and Cabling 140 -- 6.2 Grounding 142 -- 6.3 Connecting to the Test Rig 142 -- 7 Data Acquisition. 147 -- 7.1 Digital Indicators 147 -- 7.2 Recorders 150 -- 7.3 Data Loggers 151 -- 7.4 Data Acquisition Systems 151 -- 7.5 Filters 154 -- 8 Data Reduction and Analysis 157 -- 8.1 Graphing 158 -- 8.2 Sorting 159 -- 8.3 Signal Analyzers 160 -- 9 Equipment Calibration. 165 -- 9.1 Component Calibration 171 -- 9.2 System Calibration 172 -- 9.3 In Situ Calibration 173 -- 9.4 Calibration Standards 173 -- 9.5 Multifunction Calibrators 174 -- 9.6 Calibration Records 175 -- 9.7 Calibration Laboratory Requirements 177 -- 9.8 Calibration System Software 178 -- 9.9 Software Validation 180 -- 9.10 Quality Assurance System Requirements 181 -- 9.11 International, National, and Other Standards 182 -- 9.12 Calibration Equipment Specifications 184 -- 10 Pressure Calibration 189 -- 10.1 Dead-Weight Testers 189 -- 10.2 Water Dead-Weight Testers 196 -- 10.3 Oil Dead-Weight Testers 196 -- 10.4 Pneumatic Dead-Weight Testers 196 -- 10.5 Digital Calibrators 198 -- 10.6 Manometers 199 -- 11 Temperature Calibration 203 -- 11.1 Temperature Calibration Baths 204 -- 11.2 Dry Block Calibrators 209 -- 11.3 Temperature Calibration Furnaces 211 -- 11.4 Infrared Calibrators 212 -- 11.5 Thermocouple and RTD Simulators 213 -- 11.6 Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers 214 -- 11.7 Triple Point of Water Cells 216 -- 11.8 Metal Fixed Point Cells 219 -- 11.9 Ice Baths 221 -- 11.10 Boiling Point of Water 222 -- 12 Electrical Calibration 223 -- 12.1 Voltage 223 -- 12.2 Current 225 -- 12.3 Resistance 226 -- 1. 12.4 Thermocouples 228 -- 2. 12.5 Multifunction Calibrators 229 -- 13 Force Calibration 233 -- 13.1 -- Dead-Weight Force Calibration 233 -- 13.2 -- Proving Rings 238 -- 13.3 -- Hydraulic Presses 240 -- 13.4 -- Shunt Calibration 241 -- 14 Flow Calibration 245 -- 1. 14.1 Provers 247 -- 2. 14.2 Weigh Tank 250 -- 3. 14.3 PVTt Calibration Facility 250 -- 4. 14.4 Reference Flow Sensor 253 -- 15 Displacement Calibration 255 -- 1. 15.1 Gauge Blocks 256 -- 2. 15.2 Dial Indicators 257 -- 16 Vibration Calibration 259 -- 1. 16.1 Shaker Table 265 -- 2. 16.2 Reference Accelerometer 268 -- 17 Strain Gauge Calibration 271 -- 17.1 Bridge Shunt Calibration 272 -- 18 System Accuracy 277 -- 1. 18.1 System Accuracy Statistics 278 -- 2. 18.2 Root Sum Square Versus Sum of Errors 284 -- 3. 18.3 Standards Accuracy 285 -- 4. 18.4 Test Uncertainty Ratio 286 -- 5. 18.5 Uncertainty Versus Accuracy 287 -- 19 Transducer Specifications 293 -- 1. 19.1 Interpreting Manufacturer¿s Specification Sheets 294 -- 2. 19.2 Transducer Type 305 -- 19.3 -- Operating Principle 306 -- 19.4 -- Accuracy (% of full scale vs. % of reading) 306 -- 19.5 -- Linearity 307 -- 19.6 -- Hysteresis 308 -- 19.7 -- Environmental Operating Limits 308 -- 20 Test Procedure Design 311 -- 1. 20.1 Test Objective 312 -- 2. 20.2 Required Measurements 312 -- 3. 20.3 Accuracy Requirements 312 -- 4. 20.4 Frequency Response Requirements 313 -- 5. 20.5 Transducer Test Environment Limits 314 -- 6. 20.6 Transducer Connections and Space Limitations 314 -- 7. 20.7 Test Data Format 315 -- 8. 20.8 Test Data Analysis 316 -- 9. 20.9 Transducer Selection 317 -- 20.10 Calibration Requirements 317 -- Appendix 1 Internet Links to Measurement Instrumentation Information 319 -- Appendix 2 Internet Links to General Engineering Information 331 -- Index 333 Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes English Subject Electronic instruments. Testing -- Equipment and supplies. Physical measurements. Electronic instruments Physical measurements Testing -- Equipment and supplies Electrical & Computer Engineering. Engineering & Applied Sciences. Electrical Engineering. Form Electronic book LC no. 2006000524 ISBN 1556179146 9781556179143 9781601193278 1601193270

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