Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Series Editor Preface; Preface; Acknowledgements; Copyright Acknowledgements; Introduction; SECTION I Defining Listening; 1 Neurological Processing; 1.1 Hearing; 1.2 Consciousness; 1.3 Attention; 1.4 Individual Differences; References; 2 Linguistic Processing; 2.1 Perceiving Speech; 2.2 Identifying Units of Spoken Language; 2.3 Using Prosodic Features in Processing Speech; 2.4 Recognizing Words; 2.5 Employing Phonotactic Knowledge; 2.6 Utilizing Syntactic Parsing; 2.7 Integrating Non-Verbal Cues into Linguistic Processing; References; 3 Semantic Processing
3.1 Comprehension: The Role of Knowledge Structures3.2 Cognitive Understanding: The Role of Schemata; 3.3 Social Understanding: The Role of Common Ground; 3.4 The Role of Inference in Constructing Meaning; 3.5 Listener Integration of Input; 3.6 Problem-Solving During Comprehension; 3.7 Reasoning During Comprehension; 3.8 Compensatory Strategies During Comprehension; References; 4 Pragmatic Processing; 4.1 Listening from a Pragmatic Perspective; 4.2 Inferring Speaker Intention; 4.3 Contravening Conversational Maxims; 4.4 Enriching Speaker Meaning; 4.5 Invoking Social Expectations
4.6 Adjusting Affective Involvement4.7 Formulating Responses; 4.8 Connecting with the Speaker; References; 5 Automatic Processing; 5.1 Goals of Automatic Processing; 5.2 Linguistic Processing; 5.3 Semantic Processing; 5.4 Pragmatic Processing; References; 6 Listening in Language Acquisition; 6.1 Listening in L1 Acquisition: Development of Linguistic Processing; 6.2 Listening in L1 Acquisition: Development of Semantic Processing; 6.3 Listening in L1 Acquisition: Development of Pragmatic Processing; 6.4 Listening in L2 Acquisition: Development of Linguistic Processing
6.5 Listening in L2 Acquisition: Development of Semantic Processing6.6 Listening in L2 Acquisition: Development of Pragmatic Processing; References; SECTION II Teaching Listening; 7 Approaches to Teaching Listening; 7.1 Affective Filter Hypothesis; 7.2 Input Hypothesis; 7.3 Interaction Hypothesis; 7.4 Processability Hypothesis; 7.5 Metacognition Hypothesis; 7.6 Sociocultural Hypothesis; 7.7 Active Listening Hypothesis; References; 8 Input; 8.1 Discourse Genres; 8.2 Interaction Frames; 8.3 Lexical Prototypes; 8.4 Authenticity; 8.5 Difficulty; 8.6 Multimedia Input; 8.7 Accommodating Difficulty
Bibliography
References9 Designing Instruction; 9.1 Types of Listening; 9.2 Intensive Listening; 9.3 Selective Listening; 9.4 Interactive Listening; 9.5 Extensive Listening; 9.6 Autonomous Listening; References; 10 Listening Assessment; 10.1 Identifying the Context for Assessment; 10.2 Defining Listening Constructs; 10.3 Formulating an Assessment Model; 10.4 Creating Assessments; 10.5 Adjusting Factors That Influence Test Performance; 10.6 Assessing Interactive Listening Proficiency; 10.7 Describing Listening Proficiency; References; SECTION III Researching Listening; 11 Sociolinguistic Orientations
