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E-book

Title Modern introductory physics / Charles H. Holbrow [and others]
Edition 2nd ed
Published New York : Springer, ©2010

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Description 1 online resource (xxi, 658 pages) : illustrations
Contents 880-01 Note continued: Moving Charge in a Uniform Magnetic Field -- Sources of Magnetic Fields -- 8.2. Magnetic Fields and Atomic Masses -- Magnetic Mass Spectrometry -- 8.3. Large Accelarators and Magnetic Fields -- 8.4. Summary of Useful Things to Know About Magnetism -- 9. Electrical Atoms and the Electron -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Electrolysis and the Mole of Charges -- 9.3. Cathode Rays, e/m, and the Electron -- Electrical Nature of Cathode Rays -- Deflection -- 9.4. Electron's Charge -- Introduction and Overview -- Droplet Size from Terminal Velocity -- Finding the Charge on a Droplet -- Quantization of Electric Charge -- Important Numbers Found from e -- 9.5. Summary -- 9.6. Uses of Electric Deflection -- Inkjet Printer -- Quark Hunting -- 10. Waves and Light -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Nature of Waves -- Traveling Disturbance -- Velocity, Wavelength, and Frequency -- Amplitude -- Phase -- Transverse and Longitudinal Waves -- Intensity -- 10.3. Interference of Waves -- Interference Along a Line -- Visualizing Waves in Three Dimensions -- Wavefronts -- Interference in Terms of Wavefronts -- 10.4. Light Interferes; It's a Wave -- Wavelength of Light Is Color -- Analyzing Light: Interference of Light from Slits -- Double-Slit Interference -- Single-Slit Diffraction -- Combined Double-Slit and Single-Slit Patterns -- Multislit Interference Patterns -- Spectra, Spectrometers, Spectroscopy -- 10.5. Atomic Spectroscopy -- 10.6. Probing Matter with Light -- 10.7. Summary -- 11. Time and Length at High Speeds -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Approximating a Function -- Straight-Line Approximations -- Binomial Expansions -- Amaze Your Friends! -- Small-Angle Approximation -- 11.3. Frame of Reference -- Velocity Depends on Reference Frame -- Does Physics Depend on Reference Frame?
880-01/(S Note continued: 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Pressure -- Idea of Pressure -- Definition of Pressure -- Discovery of Vacuum and the Atmosphere -- Gas Pressure -- 4.3. Boyle's Law: The Springiness of Gases -- Boyle's Experiment -- 4.4. Temperature, Gases, and Ideal Gases -- Thermal Expansion -- Imagining an Ideal Gas -- Gay-Lussac's Law and the Kelvin Temperature Scale -- 4.5. Ideal Gas Law -- What Underlies Such a Simple Law? -- 5. Hard-Sphere Atoms -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Gas Pressure from Atoms -- 5.3. Temperature and the Energies of Atoms -- Energies of Atoms: Boltzmann's Constant -- Electron Volt (eV) -- 5.4. Summary Thus Far -- 5.5. Size of Atoms -- Colliding Atoms, Mean Free Path -- Viscosity -- Atomic Model of Viscosity -- 5.7. Size of Atoms -- Radius of a Molecule -- Avogadro's Number -- 5.8. Conclusions -- Introduction -- Sums and the Σ Notation -- Distributions and Averages -- Distribution of Velocities -- Momentum Transfers by Collision -- Velocity Bins -- 6. Electric Charges and Electric Forces -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Electric Charge -- Experiments with Electroscopes -- Conductors and Insulators -- Quantitative Measures of Charge -- 6.3. Electric Current -- Speed of Charges in a Current -- 6.4. Summary: Electric Charges -- 7. Electric Fields and Electric Forces -- 7.1. Electric Field: A Local Source of Electric Force -- Two Useful Electric Fields -- 7.2. Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential -- 7.3. Electric Potential -- Acceleration of Charged Particles Through a Difference of Potential -- Energy, Electric Potential, and Electric Current -- Visualizing Electric Potential -- Electron Volt -- 7.4. Summary: Electric Field and Electric Potential -- 8. Magnetic Field and Magnetic Force -- 8.1. Magnetic Field -- Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge
Note continued: How Motion Described in One Frame is Described in Another -- 11.4. Constancy of c -- Michelson-Morley Experiment -- Michelson's Results -- 11.5. Consequences of Constancy of c -- Moving Clocks Run Slow -- Time Dilation -- Moving Lengths Shrink -- Lorentz Contraction -- Doppler Effect -- How Do Velocities Transform? -- Something to Think About -- 12. Energy and Momentum at High Speeds -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Energy Has Mass -- Light Exerts Pressure -- E = mc2 -- Experimental Evidence for m = & gamma;m0 -- 12.3. Momentum and Energy -- Relativistic Momentum -- Relativistic Kinetic Energy -- Relation Between Energy and Momentum -- 12.4. Masses in eV/c2; Momenta in eV/c -- 12.5. When Can You Approximate? -- Nonrelativistic Approximations -- Ultrarelativistic Approximation -- 12.6. Summary -- 13. Granularity of Light -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Photoelectric Effect -- Discovery of the Photoelectric Effect -- Properties of the Effect -- Einstein's Explanation: E = h & fnof; -- Experimental Verification of Einstein's Equation -- 13.3. Photomultiplier Tubes: An Application of the Photoelectric Effect -- How the Photomultiplier Tube Works -- Parts of a Photomultiplier Tube -- Scintillation Counting of Radioactivity: A Useful Application -- 13.4. Summary -- 14. X-Rays -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Properties of X-Rays -- 14.3. Production of X-Rays -- 14.4. X-Rays are Waves -- 14.5. Bragg Law of Crystal Diffraction -- Powder Diffraction Patterns -- 14.6. Device for Measuring X-Rays: The Crystal Spectrometer -- Determining the Spacing of Atoms in Crystals -- 14.7. Continuum X-Rays -- 14.8. X-Ray Photons -- 14.9. Compton Effect -- Introduction -- Compton Scattering -- Derivation of the Energy Change of a Compton Scattered Photon -- Compton Scattering and the Detection of Photons -- 14.10. Summary
Note continued: Useful Things to Know -- Some Important Things to Keep in Mind -- 15. Particles as Waves -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. de Broglie Wavelength -- 15.3. Evidence that Particles Act like Waves -- G.P. Thomson's Experiment -- Experiment of Davisson and Germer -- "Double-Slit" Interference with Electrons -- Waves of Atoms -- 15.4. Summary and Conclusions -- Some Useful Things to Know -- Waves, Energy, and Localization -- 16. Radioactivity and the Atomic Nucleus -- 16.1. Qualitative Radioactivity -- Becquerel Discovers Radioactivity -- Curies Discover New Radioactive Elements -- Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays -- Radioactive Atoms of One Element Change into Another -- 16.2. Quantitative Properties of Radioactivity -- Measures of Activity -- Radioactive Decay and Half-Life -- 16.3. Discovery of the Atom's Nucleus -- Alpha Particles as Probes of the Atom -- Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus -- Nuclear Size and Charge -- 16.4. Nuclear Energies -- Energies of Alpha and Beta Particles -- 16.5. Neutron -- 16.6. Summary -- Introduction -- Diffraction from a Circular Cross Section -- Find the Nuclear Radius -- 17. Spectr and the Bohr Atom -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Atomic Spectra -- Wall Tapping and Bell Ringing -- Atomic Spectral Signatures -- 17.3. Bohr Atom -- Need for a Model -- Bohr's Ideas -- Quantizing the Hydrogen Atom's Energies -- Energy-Level Diagrams -- 17.4. Confirmations and Applications -- Energy Levels -- Rydberg Atoms -- Franck-Hertz Experiment -- Hydrogen-Like Ions -- 17.5. How Atoms Got Their (Atomic) Numbers -- Introduction -- How many Elements can there be? -- X-Ray Line Spectra -- Moseley's Experiment -- X-Ray Line Spectra and the Bohr Model -- 17.6. Summary -- Bohr Model -- Limitations of the Bohr Model -- X-Ray Line Spectra -- Moseley's Law, the Atomic Number, and the Periodic Table
Note continued: 18. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Being in Two Places at Once -- 18.3. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle -- 18.4. Atom Sizes and Energies from the Uncertainty Principle -- 18.5. General Features of the Uncertainty Principle -- 19. Atoms, Photons, and Quantum Mechanics -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. Basic Ideas of Quantum Theory -- Superposition and the Uncertainty Principle -- 19.3. Down Conversion, Beam Splitting, Coincidence Counting -- 19.4. Interference of Quanta -- 19.5. Probability Amplitudes and Probabilities -- Introduction -- Probability -- Probability Amplitudes -- Product Rule for Probability Amplitudes -- Addition Rule for Probability Amplitudes -- Indistinguishability -- Uncertainty Principle, Coherence Length, and Indistinguishability -- 19.6. Rules of Quantum Mechanics -- Does Interference Occur One Photon at a Time? -- Spookiness of Superposition -- Indistinguishability: An Ingenious Experiment -- 19.7. Summary -- 20. Entanglement and Non-Locality -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Polarization -- Wave Picture of Polarization -- Sheet Polarizers -- Light Through Polarizers: The Quantum Picture -- Polarizer Changes a Photon's State -- Indistinguishability and the Quantum Eraser -- 20.3. Entangled Quantum States -- Entanglement by Analogy -- Non-Locality of Entanglement -- 20.4. Bell's Inequality -- 20.5. Violating Bell's Inequality -- Beam-Splitting Polarizer -- Measuring the Photon's State of Polarization -- 20.6. Testing Bell's Inequality: Theory and Experiment -- 21. Epilogue -- A. Useful Information -- A.1. SI Prefixes -- A.2. Basic Physical Constants -- A.3. Constants That You Must Know -- A.4. Miscellaneous -- A.5. Names of Some SI Derived Units -- A.6. SI Base Units -- A.7. Atomic Masses -- A.8. Masses of Nuclides
Note continued: A.9. Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements
Summary Modern Introductory Physics, 2nd Edition, by Charles H. Holbrow, James N. Lloyd, Joseph C. Amato, Enrique Galvez, and Beth Parks, is a successful innovative text for teaching introductory college and university physics. It is thematically organized to emphasize the physics that answers the fundamental question: Why do we believe in atoms and their properties? The book provides a sound introduction to basic physical concepts with particular attention to the nineteenth- and twentieth-century physics underlying our modern ideas of atoms and their structure. After a review of basic Newtonian mechanics, the book discusses early physical evidence that matter is made of atoms. With a simple model of the atom Newtonian mechanics can explain the ideal gas laws, temperature, and viscosity. Basic concepts of electricity and magnetism are introduced along with a more complicated model of the atom to account for the observed electrical properties of atoms. The physics of waves--particularly light and x-rays--and basic features of relativity are explored and used to reveal further details of atomic structure. Following the discovery of radioactivity, transmutation, and the atomic nucleus, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom sets the stage for a view of the atom that becomes fully modern with the introduction of the ideas of quantum mechanics. This book presents these ideas in terms of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Feynman's rules of quantum mechanics and also discusses the intriguing topics of entanglement, non-locality, and Bell's inequalities. Here, as everywhere in this book, there is strong emphasis on experiments and observable phenomena that have shaped and confirmed the concepts of physics. To help students make a good transition from high-school physics to university physics, this book fosters quantitative skills: There is much use of order-of-magnitude calculations, scaling arguments, proportionalities, approximations, and other basic tools of quantitative reasoning, progressing from simple and direct applications in the early parts of the book to more elaborate ones later. The book shows how new physics and new ideas are inferred from experimental data and quantitative reasoning. A large number of exercises and problems help students clarify their understanding. Modern Introductory Physics, 2nd Edition, is an extensive revision of the original influential and innovative introductory text. This new edition includes: - improved exposition of some difficult topics - two new chapters that explore important and intriguing ideas of quantum mechanics in the context of real experiments - many updated problems for students - new questions added to many chapters
Analysis fysica
physics
toegepaste wiskunde
applied mathematics
moleculaire fysica
molecular physics
kernfysica
nuclear physics
Physics (General)
Fysica (algemeen)
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes English
Print version record
Subject Physics.
physics.
Physique.
Physics
Form Electronic book
Author Holbrow, Charles H
ISBN 9780387790800
0387790802
9780387790794
0387790799