Table of Contents |
| Figures and Tables | xi |
| Preface | xiii |
| Acknowledgments | xxiii |
| The Authors | xxix |
| Introduction: Crime, Criminal Justice, Health, and Victims | xxxiii |
| Levels of Theoretical Analysis | xxxiv |
| Why the Meso Is Important | xxxvii |
| Revising the Epidemiological Trinity | xliii |
| Hosts, Agents, Agency, and Behavior | xlviii |
| Risk, Deviance, Crime, and Health | l |
| Summary | lv |
pt. ONE | FOUNDATION FOR AN EMERGING PARADIGM: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY | |
ch. 1 | Establishing a Historical Framework for Epidemiological Criminology | 3 |
| The War on Poverty | 6 |
| The War on Crime | 11 |
| The War on Drugs | 18 |
| The War on Terror | 22 |
| Conclusion | 24 |
| Summary | 24 |
ch. 2 | Where Two Worlds Collide: Toward an Integrated Theory of Epidemiological Criminology | 27 |
| Roots and Forks in the Road | 28 |
| History | 29 |
| Determining When or Where to Start an Investigation | 31 |
| Defining an Emerging Paradigm | 35 |
| Epidemiological Criminology | 47 |
| Conclusion | 50 |
| Summary | 52 |
ch. 3 | The Lexicon of Terminology: Developing an Emerging Paradigm | 57 |
| Scientific and Practice Integration: Building an Emerging Paradigm | 59 |
| Theories and Models: An Integrative Paradigm | 60 |
| Theories and Models: Framing the Paradigm | 64 |
| Units of Analysis | 68 |
| Health and Crime: Biomedical and Behavioral Disparities | 69 |
| Prevention Interventions | 70 |
| Causation: The Epidemiologic Triad | 72 |
| Conclusion | 73 |
| Summary | 73 |
pt. TWO | THEORIES, CONCEPTS, AND METHODS | |
ch. 4 | Criminology, Criminal Justice, and the Social Sciences | 79 |
| Criminology | 79 |
| Criminal Justice | 80 |
| Where Does That Leave Epidemiological Criminology? | 81 |
| Public Health | 82 |
| Lessons from the Foundation of Sociology | 89 |
| Conclusion | 92 |
| Summary | 92 |
ch. 5 | Research Methods in Epidemiology and Criminology: A Bridge Between? | 95 |
| Surveillance or Monitoring? | 96 |
| Monitoring, Surveillance, and Epidemiological Criminology | 99 |
| Method, Technique, and Theory | 100 |
| The Evidence Base | 102 |
| In the Field and on the Streets | 103 |
| Conclusion | 104 |
| Summary | 104 |
ch. 6 | Integrating the Interdisciplinary Sciences: Theoretical Foundations of the Epidemiological Criminology Framework | 107 |
| Criminogenics: The Evidence Base of Individual Criminal Behavior | 108 |
| Propensity Versus Typology: How Changeable Are Criminogenics? | 109 |
| Dynamic Risks | 110 |
| Implications for Public Health Interventions | 113 |
| Social Learning and Social Structure: Moving Evidence to the Next Social Levels | 113 |
| Epidemiological Criminology Implications for Public Health Interventions | 118 |
| Conclusion | 121 |
| Summary | 122 |
pt. THREE | APPLYING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY IN PRACTICE AND POLICY | |
ch. 7 | Health Disparities and Epidemiological Criminology | 129 |
| Health Disparities | 132 |
| Conceptualizing Criminogenic Health Disparities | 137 |
| Conceptualizing Epidemiological Criminology and Disparities | 141 |
| Conclusion | 143 |
| Summary | 144 |
ch. 8 | Incarceration and Epidemiological Criminology | 147 |
| The Organizational Ecology of Incarceration | 149 |
| Incarceration by Police | 152 |
| Juvenile Detention: A Snapshot | 155 |
| The Process of Incarceration | 156 |
| The Epidemiology of Incarceration: The Importance of Process | 162 |
| Criminal Records | 164 |
| Conclusion | 166 |
| Summary | 166 |
ch. 9 | The Health of Correctional Populations | 169 |
| Competing Images: Magic Castles and Houses of Horror | 169 |
| Juvenile Detention | 171 |
| Jail | 172 |
| Health of Jail Inmates | 173 |
| Health of Prisoners | 176 |
| HIV: An Exemplar of Where One Looks and How | 178 |
| Reentry to the Community | 190 |
| Implications for Epidemiological Criminology | 192 |
| Conclusion | 193 |
| Summary | 193 |
ch. 10 | Recidivism and Epidemiological Criminology | 197 |
| Why Measure Recidivism? | 198 |
| Defining and Measuring Recidivism | 199 |
| How Much Recidivism? | 201 |
| Who Returns to Prison? | 204 |
| Jails and Recidivism | 205 |
| Health Recidivism | 206 |
| Conclusion | 208 |
| Summary | 209 |
ch. 11 | Gang Violence and Adolescent Membership | 213 |
| Biopsychosocial and Environmental Determinants | 214 |
| Micro-, Meso-, and Macroinfluences | 218 |
| Epidemiology of Gangs and Gang Violence | 221 |
| An Integrated Approach | 226 |
| Health Behavior and Criminal Behavior | 228 |
| Biomedical Disparities and Behavioral Disparities | 230 |
| Conclusion | 232 |
| Summary | 232 |
ch. 12 | Criminality, Substance Abuse, and Mental Health: An Epidemiological Criminology Framework | 237 |
| Criminalization | 237 |
| Mental Illness, Crime, and Criminal Justice | 239 |
| Mental Illness and Epidemiological Criminology | 243 |
| Substance Abuse | 244 |
| Substance Abuse and Epidemiological Criminology | 246 |
| Conclusion | 249 |
| Summary | 250 |
ch. 13 | Victims and Victimization | 255 |
| Victims and Victimology | 256 |
| The Academy Discovers Victims | 258 |
| The Role of Place: Geography and Victimization | 259 |
| Routine Activities | 259 |
| The Health Industrial Complex Discovers Victims | 260 |
| Measuring Victims | 262 |
| Violence and Epidemiological Criminology | 264 |
| Conclusion | 265 |
| Summary | 266 |
pt. FOUR | FUTURE DIRECTION AND TRENDS | |
ch. 14 | Environmental Justice and the Epidemiology of Crime | 271 |
| What Is Environment? What Is Justice? | 273 |
| The Traditional Epidemiological Approach: What Is Missing? | 275 |
| Segregation and Health | 277 |
| Residential Segregation and Criminal Behavior | 281 |
| Environmental Justice and Epidemiological Criminology | 283 |
| Conclusion | 285 |
| Summary | 285 |
ch. 15 | Global and Domestic Terrorism | 289 |
| Epidemiology of Terrorism | 291 |
| Epidemiological Criminology as an Integrated Paradigm | 294 |
| Biopsychosocial and Environmental Makeup of Terrorism and Terrorists | 297 |
| Micro-, Meso-, and Macroinfluences | 300 |
| Health Behavior and Criminal Behavior | 302 |
| Biomedical Disparities and Behavioral Disparities | 304 |
| Conclusion | 306 |
| Summary | 306 |
ch. 16 | Criminal Law, Public Health Law, and the Epidemiological Criminology Framework | 311 |
| Criminal Law, Public Health Law, and Social Control | 314 |
| Whose Interests? | 321 |
| Law and Epidemiological Criminology | 325 |
| Values | 326 |
| Conclusion | 330 |
| Summary | 331 |
ch. 17 | International Human Rights and Human Trafficking | 335 |
| What Is a Right? | 335 |
| Does the Epidemiological Criminology Framework Fit Human Rights? | 338 |
| A General Model of Trafficking | 340 |
| Trafficking Networks | 343 |
| Individual Traffickers and Individual Victims | 344 |
| Responding to Human Trafficking from an Epidemiological Criminology Framework | 347 |
| Conclusion | 348 |
| Summary | 349 |
| References | 353 |
| Further Reading | 387 |
| Index | 391 |