Machine generated contents note: 1. X-Ray Standing Waves in a Nutshell -- 1.1. Introduction / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.2. Historical Background / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.3. Basic Principle of the XSW Technique / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.4. How to Create a Suitable XSW / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.5. X-Ray Scattering / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.6. Photo-Excitation and Dipole Approximation / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.7. Photo-Excitation and Decay Channels: Which Signal to Detect / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.8. Structural Analysis with XSW: Photo-Absorption, XSW Yield, and Fourier Analysis / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.9. Simple Structural Analysis in Case of an XSW Excited by Bragg Reflection / Alexander Kazimirov / Jörg Zegenhagen -- 1.10