1. Narratives of the revolutions -- 2. Revolution as a utopia -- 3. Utopia not yet fulfilled : ambivalence after the revolutions -- 4. Utopia not fulfilled : disillusionment -- 5. Individualism as a utopia -- 6. Collective utopias : from national independence to Europe -- Conclusion : politics between utopia and disillusionment -- App. 1. The interviews and the method of analysis -- App. 2. Themes of the interviews -- App. 3. Themes for the Czech essayists -- App. 4. President Lennart Meri's speeches analysed in chapter 6 -- App. 5. Translations of the German interview passages