| Description |
1 online resource (xxv, 517 pages) : illustrations, digital file |
| Series |
Sensor technology series |
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Sensor technology series.
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| Contents |
Preface to chemical sensors: comprehensive sensors technologies -- Preface to volume 5: Electrochemical and optical sensors -- About the editor -- Contributors |
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1. Electrochemical gas sensors: fundamentals, fabrication, and parameters / J.R. Stetter [and others] -- Introduction -- Fundamentals of electrochemistry for gas sensors -- Potential and potentiometry -- Current, charge, and amperometry -- Conductivity/resistance and conductometry -- Types of gaseous interactions in sensing -- Gas/electrolyte interactions -- Gas/electrode interactions -- Fundamentals of electrochemical gas sensors -- Amperometric gas sensors -- Potentiometric gas sensors -- Conductometric gas sensors -- Analytes -- Electrochemical gas sensor designs and materials -- Electrolytes -- Membranes -- Electrodes -- Analytical characteristics of electrochemical sensors -- Sensitivity (lower detection limit) -- Selectivity -- Precision and accuracy -- Stability -- Examples of electrochemical gas sensors -- Electrochemical H2 sensors with liquid electrolytes -- Characteristics of electrochemical H2 sensors fabricated using polymer electrolytes -- High-temperature H2 sensors -- MEMS and nanotechnology in electrochemical gas sensor fabrication -- Electrochemical sensor applications -- Parameters in gas sensor application -- Temperature -- Humidity -- Pressure -- Calibration -- Sensor failure mechanisms -- Sensor life -- Market for electrochemical gas sensors -- Outlook and future trends -- References |
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2. Stabilized zirconia-based gas sensors / S. Zhuiykov -- Introduction -- Fundamentals of sensor operation -- Nernstian behavior -- Non-Nernstian behavior -- Potentiometric non-Nernstian gas sensors -- Mixed-potential gas sensors -- Differential electrode equilibria gas sensors -- Amperometric gas sensors -- Impedance-based gas sensors -- Use of nanostructured oxides for sensing electrodes -- Zirconia sensors operating in real industrial applications -- Inaccuracy of the oxygen probe resulting from catalyzed SE/gas reactions -- Electrochemical gas sensor designs and materials -- Electrolytes -- Membranes -- Electrodes -- Sensor errors caused by improper operating conditions and probe deterioration -- Markets for zirconia-based sensors -- Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References |
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3. Electrochemical sensors for liquid environments / V.K. Gupta, L.P. Singh -- Introduction -- Sensors for liquid environments -- Potentiometric sensors -- Conductometric sensors -- Voltammetric and amperometric sensors -- FET-based sensors -- Chronological progress in design of sensors for liquid environments -- Design of ion-selective electrodes -- The role of the membrane in sensors for liquid environments -- Classification of ion-selective electrodes -- Liquid membrane electrodes -- Solid-state electrodes -- Polymeric membranes -- The ionophore -- The polymeric matrix -- The plasticizer -- The lipophilic additive -- Theory and methodology -- Potential of an ion-exchange membrane -- Selectivity of electrodes -- Experimental aspects -- Pre-starting procedure -- Methodology of measurements -- Maintenance and storage of ion-selective electrodes -- Sources of error -- Precautions -- Literature on ion-selective electrodes -- Glass electrodes -- Homogeneous solid-state electrodes -- Heterogeneous solid-state electrodes -- Electrodes for alkali metal ions -- Electrodes for alkaline earth metals -- Electrodes for heavy metals -- Conclusion -- Nomenclature -- References |
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4. Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET)-based chemical sensors / V.K. Khanna -- Introduction -- Different structural versions of the ISFET concept, and a historical survey -- Front-side and back-side connected ISFETs -- The extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) -- Use of macroporous silicon for field-effect pH sensor fabrication -- Layer-by-layer nano self-assembly ISFET -- Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) -- Region ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (RISFET) -- Organic-based field-effect transistors and new materials for ISFETs -- Fundamentals of MOSFET operation -- MOS capacitor with zero gate voltage -- MOS capacitor with applied gate voltage -- Capacitance of the MOS capacitor -- Channel conductance -- Flat-band and threshold voltages -- Depletion- and enhancement-mode MOSFETs -- Static characteristics of the MOS transistor -- Theory of pH sensitivity of the ISFET -- Site binding model -- Gouy-Chapman-Stern model -- pH sensitivity of the ISFET -- Mathematical formulation in terms of the pH at the point of zero charge for the relation between [psi]0 and pH -- ISFET circuit models -- ISFET/EGFET gate dielectric materials -- Silicon dioxide -- Silicon nitride and silicon oxynitrides -- Aluminum oxide -- Tantalum pentoxide -- Tertiary amines -- Other dielectrics -- Dielectrics for the EGFET -- ISFET design considerations -- Design parameters and design procedure -- ISFET design specifications -- Fabrication of the ISFET -- Chip fabrication -- ISFET encapsulation materials -- O-ring packaging: the state of the art -- ISFET biasing/readout circuit and instrumentation -- Source follower circuit -- Circuit with buffer amplifier stages -- EGFET readout circuit -- Readout circuits in CMOS technology -- Influence of ion-selective membranes and other coatings on ISFET gate dielectrics -- The need for membranes, and membrane materials -- Membrane potential -- Membrane selectivity -- Membranes of ISFET-based biosensors -- Problems with membranes -- ISFET-based sensors for positive ions -- Ammonium ion, NH4+ sensor -- Cadmium ion, Cd2+ sensor -- Calcium ion, Ca2+ sensor -- Cationic surfactant sensor -- Chromium ion, Cr6+ sensor -- Cupric ion, Cu2+ sensor -- Heavy-metal ion (Cd2+, Pb2+) sensor -- Iron (Fe3+) ion biosensor -- Mercuric ion, Hg2+ biosensor -- Potassium ion, K+ sensor -- Silver ion, Ag+ sensor -- Sodium ion, Na+ sensor -- ISFET-based sensors for negative ions -- Chloride ISFET -- Cyanide ion, CN- sensor -- Fluoride (F- ) ISFET -- Nitrate (NO3- ) sensor -- Organic anion sensor -- Phosphate (H2PO4- ) sensor -- Sulfate (SO42- ) sensor -- ISFET-based sensors for biomolecules -- Acetylcholine biosensor -- Adenosine sensor -- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensor -- Creatinine biosensor -- DNA sensor -- Dopamine sensor -- Glucose biosensor -- Glutamate biosensor -- Lactate biosensor -- Penicillin biosensor -- Triglyceride biosensor -- Trypsin biosensor -- Urea biosensor -- ISFET-based gas sensors -- Ammonia sensor -- H2 gas sensor -- Sensor for dissolved oxygen -- Transcutaneous CO2 sensor -- Flow-through-type pH/CO2 sensor system based on the ISFET -- Temperature effects on the ISFET -- Light effects on the ISFET -- Reference electrode-related problems -- ISFET-REFET combinations -- Deviations, repeatability, and variability in Ta2O5 Gate ISFET-reference electrode assemblies and calibration of pH-standard buffers -- ISFET storage-time effects -- ISFET storage in air -- Estimation of ISFET deviation rate -- Adverse storage environment effects -- PH changes of buffer solutions in ambient atmosphere -- Measurements by the same or different ISFETs -- Identification of ISFET malfunctions -- ISFET applications and market -- Water analysis and environmental monitoring -- Diagnostic and health-care applications -- Biotechnological process monitoring -- Soil analysis, evaluation, and agriculture -- Conclusions and outlook -- Dedication -- Acknowledgments -- Nomenclature -- References |
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5. Microfluidic chips as new platforms for electrochemical sensing / M. Hervás, M. Ángel López, A. Escarpa -- Introduction -- General outlines of microfabrication of microfluidic platforms -- Microfabrication of glass microfluidic platforms -- Microfabrication of polymer microfluidic platforms -- Microfluidic platforms for electrochemical sensing: designs and applications -- Voltammetric microfluidic sensors -- Potentiometric microfluidic sensors -- Conductometric microfluidic sensors -- Strengths, weaknesses, and future trends -- References |
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6. Optical and fiber optic chemical sensors / G. Korotcenkov [and others] -- Introduction -- Optical transduction principles -- Absorption -- Fluorescence -- Chemiluminescence -- Scattering -- Reflection and refraction -- Instrumentation -- Molecular recognition element -- Sensor configurations -- Absorption-based sensors -- Infrared and near-infrared absorption -- UV absorption -- Gas analyzers of absorption type -- Global remote control using absorption spectroscopy -- Luminescence (fluorescence)-based sensors -- Chemiluminescence-based sensors -- Surface plasmon resonance sensors -- Raman scattering in optical chemical sensing -- Ellipsometry -- Optical fiber chemical sensors -- Optical fibers -- Classification of fiber optic sensors -- Advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic chemical sensors -- Planar waveguide-based sensor platforms -- Fluorescence-based PWCS -- Absorption-based PWCS -- Refractometric PWCS -- Interferometric PWCS -- Integrated optical sensors -- Design and fabrication of optical sensors -- General comments -- Reasons for uncontrolled intensity modulation in optical sensors -- Sensing materials -- Fiber selection and features of fiber preparation -- Immobilization techniques -- Sensors for flowing systems -- Optical multiple-chemical sensing -- The optoelectronic nose: sensor arrays -- Optical sensors for portable instruments acceptable in field applications -- Examples of optical chemical sensors -- Fields of optical chemical sensor applications -- pH sensors -- Metal-ion sensing -- Anion sensing -- Gas sensors -- Humidity sensors -- Vapor sensors -- Other molecular sensors -- Optical biosensors -- Biomedical sensors -- Conclusions and prospects -- References |
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7. Chemiluminescence chemical sensing: fundamentals of operation and application for water pollutants control / J.-M. Lin, L. Zhao -- Introduction -- Fundamentals of chemiluminescence sensing -- Principle of CL analysis -- Classical chemiluminescence reagents -- Methodology of chemical analysis using chemiluminescence sensing -- Application of chemiluminescence sensors for water pollutants control -- Metals -- Hydrogen peroxide -- Chemical oxygen demand -- Pesticides and herbicides -- Phenols -- Nitrogen compounds -- Estrogens -- Fungoids -- Outlook -- References |
| Summary |
The present volume considers two major groups of chemical sensors: (1) electrochemical sensors and (2) optical and fiber optic chemical sensors. In particular, this book presents reviews that provide an in-depth analysis of both the fundamentals of electrochemical and optical sensors and the possibilities for full-scale applications of these devices |
| Analysis |
Chemical sensors |
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Electrochemical sensors |
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Optical chemical sensors |
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Electrochemical gas sensors |
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Gas sensors |
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Zirconia-based gas sensors |
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Ion-sensitive field-effect transistor chemical sensors |
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ISFET-based chemical sensors |
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Microfluidic chips |
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Fiber optic chemical sensors |
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Chemiluminescence |
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Chemiluminescent chemical sensors |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Title from PDF title page (viewed June 20, 2011) |
| Subject |
Chemical detectors.
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Electrochemical sensors.
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Optical detectors.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Sensors.
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Chemical detectors
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Electrochemical sensors
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Optical detectors
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Korotchenkov, G. S. (Gennadiĭ Sergeevich)
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| ISBN |
9781606502389 |
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1606502387 |
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