| Description |
616 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm |
| Contents |
Contents note continued: Control of bias during statistical analysis -- Direction of bias -- Summary -- Further reading -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- Sampling strategy -- Simple random sampling -- Stratified random sampling -- Systematic sampling -- Cluster sampling -- Non-probability sampling -- Sample size calculation -- Sample size calculation for prevalence estimated by a cross-sectional study -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- Observations -- Interviews -- Types of interviews -- Face-to-face interviews versus distance interviews -- Recording interview information -- Questionnaires -- Questionnaire design: The process -- The structure of a questionnaire -- The format of responses -- Visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scales (NRS) -- Adjectival scale -- |
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Contents note continued: Cumulative incidence -- Incidence rate -- The concept of 'risk' -- Relationship between prevalence and incidence -- Standardisation of rates -- Crude rates and specific rates -- Direct standardisation of rates -- Indirect standardisation of rates -- Facts about standardisation and standardised rates -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- How do you choose a research topic? -- The literature review -- PRISMA statement -- Where to look for literature -- The hierarchy of evidence -- Some practical tips on conducting a literature review -- Information seeking -- Critical appraisal -- Writing -- The operational research hypothesis -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- What are quantitative descriptive studies? -- |
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Contents note continued: Data preparations for multivariable analysis: Coding -- Selecting an appropriate multivariable model -- Presenting results from multivariable modelling -- The use of computer programs for data analysis -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- What is ethics? -- A historical perspective of ethics in health research -- Principles of biomedical ethics -- Respect for autonomy -- Beneficence and non-malfeasance -- Justice -- Veracity and fidelity -- Privacy and confidentiality -- Further ethical issues in health research -- Responsibility -- Quality research -- Debriefing -- Ethical concerns in clinical research -- Coercion and deception -- Health research conducted in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples -- Scientific misconduct -- Ethical theory and public health -- Utilitarianism -- Liberalism -- Communitarianism -- |
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Contents note continued: Investigation of an infectious disease outbreak -- The epidemic curve -- Modelling infectious diseases -- A simple infectious disease model -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- Quality measures of diagnostic tests -- Assessing reliability of diagnostic tests -- Assessing validity of diagnostic tests -- How to calculate predictive values from sensitivity and specificity -- Dependence of predictive values on prevalence -- Receiver operating characteristics: Optimising cut-off points -- Screening for disease -- Important issues to be considered when screening -- Screening programs -- Evaluation of a screening program -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- Prevalence -- Characteristics of prevalence -- Incidence -- |
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Contents note continued: Likert scale -- Semantic differential scale -- Vignettes -- Validated instruments -- What can go wrong with data collection? -- The 'don't know' problem -- The effect of wording on responses -- Recall loss and telescoping error -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Why statistics? -- Types of quantitative data -- Descriptive statistics -- A note on missing values -- Inferential statistics -- Confidence interval -- Confidence interval for the relative risk -- Confidence interval for the odds-ratio -- Statistical hypothesis testing -- Errors in statistical testing and the problem of multiple testing -- Selecting an appropriate bivariate statistical test -- Survival analysis -- The pitfalls of agreement and equivalence -- Multivariable statistical analysis -- Data preparations for multivariable analysis: Correlation matrix -- |
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Contents note continued: The exposure odds-ratio: Case-control studies -- The prevalence odds-ratio: Cross-sectional studies -- The relative risk for dynamic and fixed cohorts -- Difference measures for cohort studies -- Comparison between relative risk and attributable risk -- Difference measures in case-control studies -- Other observational study designs -- Summary -- Further reading -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- The concept of bias -- Selection bias -- Volunteer bias -- Berkson's fallacy -- Detection bias -- Self-selection bias and selective survival -- Selection bias in different study designs -- Information bias -- Misclassification of disease status -- Detection bias -- The Will Rogers phenomenon -- Confounding bias -- Intermediate variable -- Potential confounding -- Confounding and effect modification -- Control of bias -- Control of bias during design phase of study -- |
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Contents note continued: Volunteer control group or researcher-decided control group -- Before-and-after controls -- Randomised controlled trial -- Placebo controls in randomised trials -- Blinding in randomised controlled trials -- Cross-over trial -- N-of-1 trial -- Zelen's design -- Multiple baseline design -- Technical aspects of experimental studies -- Superiority, equivalence, and non-inferiority -- Compliance and non-compliance -- Analysis of experimental studies -- The study protocol -- How to report a randomised controlled trial -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- What defines an observational study? -- Directionality and timing -- Directionality -- Timing -- The three basic observational study designs -- Cohort studies -- Case-control studies -- Comparative cross-sectional studies -- Measures of association -- The relative risk: Closed cohort studies -- |
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Contents note continued: Which point of view is correct? -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- The structure of a scientific publication -- The introduction -- The methodology -- The results -- The discussion -- The abstract -- The references -- The title page -- The acknowledgments -- Guidelines for writing scientific articles -- Technical aspects of publishing a scientific article -- Formatting the manuscript -- The peer-review process -- The impact factor -- How to read a scientific publication -- Critical appraisal of published articles -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography |
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Contents note continued: Descriptive epidemiology by person, place, and time -- Characteristics of 'person' -- Characteristics of 'place' -- Characteristics of 'time' -- Routine health statistics: An initial source of descriptive data -- Sources of routine health data -- Use of routine sources of health data -- Limitations of routinely collected health data -- Vital statistics -- Gaining access to routinely collected data -- Ecological (correlation) studies -- Limitations of ecological studies -- Can ecological studies be relevant for disease aetiology? -- Case report and case series -- Descriptive cross-sectional studies -- General comments on cross-sectional studies -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- What defines an experimental study? -- Design options for experimental studies -- Historic controls (non-concurrent controls) -- |
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Machine generated contents note: Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- Defining epidemiology -- Classification of epidemiology -- Further classifications of epidemiology -- The epidemiological process -- A brief history of epidemiology -- Examples of major achievements in public health through epidemiology -- Eliminating smallpox -- Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease -- Iodine deficiency -- Smoking and lung cancer -- Evidence-based practice -- Summary -- Further reading -- Websites -- Bibliography -- Answers to critical thinking exercises -- Key learning objectives -- Key terms -- Introduction -- The natural history of disease -- Aetiology of disease -- An epidemiological approach to causality -- Infectious disease concepts -- The epidemiological triangle: Agent-host-environment -- Agent -- Host -- Environment -- Some basic concepts used in infectious disease epidemiology -- Transmission routes -- Infectious period and latent period -- |
| Summary |
Epidemiology 2nd edition is a methodological and practical guide to conducting evidence-based quantitative research in all health sciences. With a multidisciplinary focus, it integrates a wealth of case studies and examples to demonstrate the application of theory to real-life research and draws from a broad spectrum of health disciplines |
| Analysis |
Australian |
| Notes |
Previously published in South Melbourne, Victoria by Oxford University Press, 2011 |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (pages 578-606) and index |
| Subject |
Epidemiology -- Case studies.
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Epidemiology.
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Epidemiology.
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Epidemiologic Methods.
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Epidemiologic Methods.
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Epidemiology.
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| Genre/Form |
Case studies.
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| Author |
Muller, Reinhold, 1958- author
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| LC no. |
2015458950 |
| ISBN |
9780195597318 |
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