Neuroticdisorders dominated the landscape of psychopathology for almost a century before dying a sudden and traumatic death in 1980 with the publication of the DSM III. Now researchers delineated empirically supported common dimensions shared by all anxiety, mood, and related emotional disorders, including higher order temperaments, mood distortions, and extensive patterns of avoidance. In this presentation I suggest a new integrated diagnostic scheme and the identification of psychological treatment principles targeting temperament directly