| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Cover; Copyright; Acknowledgments; Dedication ; Abstract and Benefits; Table of Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; List of Acronyms; Executive Summary; Background; Primary Unit Objectives; Biological Model of Septic Tank Function; Modern History and Evolution of Primary Treatment Units; Sedimentation Theory and its Relevance to Tank Design; Alternate Septic Tank Designs; Meander and Closed-Conduit, Laminar Flow Tanks; UASB-Septic Tanks and Baffled Anaerobic Reactors; Imhoff Tanks; Septic Tank Treatment Efficacy; Objectives; Nutrients; Other Wastewater Constituents |
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Wastewater Source and CharacteristicsFacility Type; Cluster Systems and Collection System Type; Source Separation; Septic Tank Design Characteristics; Sizing; Hydraulic Design and Characterization; Geometry; Compartmentation; Septic Tank Inlet, Outlet, and Appurtenances; Food Service Facilities and Grease Trap Design; Seasonal/Temperature Effects on Biology; Sludge/Scum Accumulation and Removal; Use of Additives; Water Softeners; Garbage Grinders; Inspection, Operation and Maintenance; Performance Monitoring and Troubleshooting; Sampling; Venting; Tank Construction and Installation |
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Existing Tank StandardsState Regulations; Industry Standards; Research Recommendations; Types of Studies; Common Study Design Limitations; Existing Data; Conclusions; Additional Resources; Glossary ; References; Appendix A: Existing Tank Standards ; Appendix B: History/Evolution of Primary Treatment Units in Decentralized Systems |
| Summary |
Approximately 23 percent of the estimated 115 million occupied homes in the United States are served by onsite wastewater systems. The vast majority of onsite wastewater treatment systems include a septic tank, grease trap, or both for primary treatment. These units are efficient, simple, low-energy treatment units whose performance is critically important to the overall functioning of onsite wastewater systems. Regulations, industry standards, guidance materials and engineering texts vary widely and are often incomplete in their consideration of the factors that may influence primary unit performance in onsite systems. The objective of this research was therefore to identify, compile, analyze, and report on the existing body of work addressing the performance of primary treatment units in onsite wastewater systems and the factors impacting performance. Design, construction/installation, and maintenance issues were considered, with a goal of establishing what is known, what is not known and what future research is needed in this area. Over 700 sources of information were collected, with most reviewed and presented in this document -- the white paper. A bibliographic database, which can continue to be updated into the future, was developed as a companion piece to the white paper, as a tool for researchers and practitioners |
| Notes |
Electronic book text |
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Epublication based on: 9781843397816 |
| Subject |
Sewage -- Purification.
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SCIENCE -- Applied Sciences.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Environmental -- General.
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Sewage -- Purification
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9781780403700 |
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1780403704 |
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