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Author Florsch, Nicolas, author

Title Everyday applied geophysics. 1, Electrical methods / Nicolas Florsch, Frédéric Muhlach
Published London ; Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier : ISTE Press, [2018]

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Description 1 online resource
Contents Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction and General Points -- 1.1. Introduction: the audience of this book -- 1.1.1. What is applied (or subsurface) geophysics? -- 1.1.2. spirit of this book: affordable methods on a technological and financial level -- 1.1.3. example to begin -- 1.1.4. Drawing maps in isovalues -- 1.2. Direct method, inverse method -- 1.3. Sampling quantities on the surface, and which resolution can be reached underground? -- 1.3.1. General points about measuring protocols -- 1.3.2. issue of the measuring grid -- 1.3.3. question of georeferencing -- 1.3.4. Mapping types of prospecting: point-by-point, "walking" or drones -- 1.4. Adapting the models to the targets -- ch. 2 Direct Current Electrical Methods -- 2.1. electricity used in geophysics -- 2.1.1. current flowing in the ground -- 2.1.2. Resistivity -- 2.1.3. Separating volume conductivity from surface conductivity -- 2.2. Ground resistance -- 2.2.1. first approach using hemispherical electrodes -- 2.2.2. Realistic electrodes: metal posts -- 2.3. basic array for electrical prospecting -- 2.3.1. Stage 1: what is the potential at the distance (r) from the electrode? -- 2.3.2. Stage 2: describing "point" electrodes in more detail -- 2.3.3. Stage 3: setting up all the electrodes: two transmitting electrodes and two measuring electrodes -- 2.3.4. Stage 4: guarding against intruders -- 2.4. Dangers involved in electrical prospecting and safety regulations and rules -- 2.5. Apparent resistivity -- 2.5.1. note about reciprocity -- 2.6. Arrays in electrical prospecting: depth of investigation and sensitivity -- 2.6.1. Depth of investigation and sensitivity -- 2.7. Electrical resistivity tomography -- 2.7.1. ERT arrays and sequences -- 2.7.2. Using the programs RES2DMOD and RES2DINV -- 2.8. 3D tomography -- 2.9. Direct current electrical resistivity mapping -- 2.10. Vertical electrical sounding (VES, or in short, electrical sounding) -- 2.10.1. VES and horizontally layered ground -- 2.10.2. Difficulties and traps involved in electrical sounding -- 2.10.3. Carrying out vertical electrical sounding -- 2.11. rectangle method -- 2.12. mise-a-la-masse method -- 2.12.1. Example -- 2.13. Time lapse (or simply "monitoring") in electrical methods -- 2.14. note about measuring ground resistance -- ch. 3 Spontaneous Polarization Method -- 3.1. principle of SP -- 3.2. origin of the potentials in SP -- 3.2.1. electrodes -- 3.2.2. sources of SP related to the Nernst equation -- 3.2.3. sources of SP related to the electrofiltration equation and the application to aquifers and leakages -- ch. 4 Induced Polarization (IP) Method -- 4.1. principle of induced polarization -- 4.2. Three types of measurements: temporal, frequency and spectral -- 4.2.1. Temporal IP -- 4.2.2. so-called frequency IP -- 4.2.3. Phase measurement IP -- 4.2.4. Spectral induced polarization -- ch. 5 Equipment -- 5.1. Electrodes, wire bobbins and cables -- 5.2. Equipment and methods used for spontaneous polarization -- 5.2.1. Getting rid of disturbances and taking a good SP measurement -- 5.2.2. Measurement fluctuations -- 5.3. Equipment and approaches used for direct current methods -- 5.3.1. Adapting the impedance for the transmission of electricity -- 5.3.2. Moving from direct to alternating current -- 5.3.3. Alternating current transmitters -- 5.3.4. "Hight voltage" transmitters -- 5.4. Equipment for induced polarization -- ch. 6 Acquisition System Designed for the Electrical Prospection of Soil -- 6.1. presentation of the "open source" project -- 6.2. preliminary study -- 6.2.1. analysis -- 6.3. Choosing the components -- 6.3.1. microcontroller -- 6.3.2. communication protocols of the microcontroller -- 6.3.3. analog-digital converter -- 6.3.4. From the man-machine interface to data saving -- 6.3.5. RTC module and data saving -- 6.4. Outline of the layout of components -- 6.4.1. Connections -- 6.4.2. List -- 6.5. Preparing the microSD card -- 6.6. Running the program on the microcontroller -- 6.6.1. Additional configuration settings -- 6.7. program and its menus -- 6.7.1. Initialization steps for the device -- 6.7.2. Presentation of the menus -- 6.8. practical example of how the device is used -- 6.8.1. Preliminary configuration steps -- 6.8.2. Taking the measurements -- 6.8.3. result file
Summary Everyday Applied Geophysics 1 covers the physical methods permitting the environmental exploration of the sub-surface in 1, 2, 3 or 4 dimensions (the last is for time-lapse in terms of physical environmental state and geometry). The ground is transparent to electrical currents, electromagnetic induction, magnetic fields and seismic (acoustic) waves. All extend our senses by using the propagation of these phenomena through underground materials. The book specifically addresses the methods feasible, accessible and affordable to all users, and provides simple apparatus electronic diagrams. The book also features open-source and free software links for data interpretation. Covers physical methods permitting the environmental exploration of the sub-surface in 1, 2, 3 or 4 dimensionsAddresses the methods feasible, accessible and affordable to all usersProvides simple apparatus electronic diagrams, as well as open-source and free software links for data interpretation
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes Vendor-supplied metadata
Subject Geophysics.
geophysics.
SCIENCE -- Earth Sciences -- General.
SCIENCE -- Physics -- Geophysics.
Geophysics
Form Electronic book
Author Muhlach, Frédéric, author
ISBN 9780081019672
008101967X
1785481991
9781785481994
Other Titles Electrical methods