| Description |
1 online resource (207 pages) |
| Series |
WERF Research Report Series ; v. Reuse-12-06 |
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WERF Research Report Series
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| Contents |
Cover; Copyright; Abstract & Benefits; Table of Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Acknowledgments; Executive Summary; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Understanding the Value of the Environmental Buffer; 1.2 Safely Moving Toward DPR; Chapter 2: Critical Elements in Engineered Storage Design; 2.1 Monitoring and Response; 2.1.1 Monitoring Treatment Performance; 2.1.2 Direct Measurement of Pathogens; 2.1.2.1 Real-Time Pathogen Monitoring Technologies; 2.2.1.2 Discussion of Direct Analysis of Pathogens; 2.1.2.3 The Use of Robust Surrogates for Microbial Parameters |
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2.1.2.4 Potential Indicators for Pathogens in Wastewater2.1.3 Direct Measurement of Chemicals; 2.2 Storage; 2.3 Treatment; 2.3.1 DPR Treatment Goals; 2.3.2 Redundant Treatment as Compensation for Imperfect Monitoring; Chapter 3: A Framework for Engineered Storage; 3.1 Responding to Process Failure; 3.2 Developing the Framework from a Monitoring Perspective; 3.2.1 Process Failure Response Time; 3.2.2 Expanding the Framework to the Treatment Train; 3.2.3 Taking Full Credit; 3.2.4 Taking Less than Full Credit; 3.3 Redundancy and Periodic Monitoring as an Alternative to Real-Time Monitoring |
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3.3.1 Formal Failure Analysis3.3.2 Revisiting the Framework with Respect to Treatment Redundancy; Chapter 4: Public Communication; 4.1 Animation Development: The Ways of Water; 4.1.1 Why Use an Animation?; 4.1.2 How Was The Ways of Water Designed?; 4.2 Survey Development and Implementation (West Basin Municipal Water District in El Segundo); 4.3 Survey Results ; 4.3.1 Drinking Water Source; 4.3.2 Safety, Source, and Taste; 4.3.3 Sources of Information about Water Safety; 4.3.4 Water Reuse; 4.4 Conclusions; 4.5 Discussion; Chapter 5: Case Studies; 5.1 Background Information for Case Studies |
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5.1.1 Case Study Utilities5.1.2 Treatment Technology Literature Review; 5.1.2.1 Chemical Constituents; 5.1.2.2 Pathogens; 5.1.2.3 Primary and Secondary Treatment; 5.1.2.4 Lime Clarification; 5.1.2.5 Media and Disc Filtration; 5.1.2.6 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration; 5.1.2.7 Reverse Osmosis; 5.1.2.8 Nanofiltration; 5.1.2.9 UV and UV-Advanced Oxidation; 5.1.2.10 Ozone; 5.1.2.11 Free Chlorine; 5.1.2.12 Chlorine Dioxide; 5.1.3 Regulatory Framework; 5.1.3.1 California; 5.1.3.2 National; 5.1.3.3 Texas; 5.2 Case Study #1: El Paso; 5.2.1 Background on El Paso Water Utilities |
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5.2.2 Development of a DPR Plan5.2.3 Treatment Alternatives; 5.2.4 Engineered Storage Buffer Sizing Framework Review; 5.2.5 Treatment Process and Response Retention Time Analysis; 5.2.6 Engineered Storage Buffer Sizing; 5.2.7 Discussion of Nitrate in the Effluent from Bustamante WWTP; 5.2.8 Infrastructure Needs; 5.3 Case Study #2: Lubbock; 5.3.1 Background on Lubbock; 5.3.1.1 Water Supply Planning; 5.3.1.2 Wastewater Treatment; 5.3.1.3 Water Treatment; 5.3.1.4 DPR Planning; 5.3.2 Engineered Storage Buffer Sizing Framework; 5.3.3 Treatment Train Development |
| Summary |
Direct potable reuse (DPR) is the planned introduction of recycled water either directly into a public water system or into a raw water supply immediately upstream of a water treatment plant. DPR has inherent risks that differ from treatment of traditional source waters and conventional indirect potable reuse (IPR). In particular, DPR is a more closely coupled system, in which there is less time to monitor process water quality and respond to water quality concerns. This study evaluates how to replace the environmental buffer with engineered storage, called the engineered storage buffer (ESB). The ESB is a storage basin that provides sufficient time to monitor and respond to water quality concerns, called the failure response time (FRT). The ESB can also be designed to provide a measure of redundant treatment at a relatively low cost. It is envisioned as a tool to monitor process performance as it pertains to acute contaminants, with the primary focus on pathogen removal. The ESB is not envisioned as a long-term monitoring approach that could allow for FRT for chronic contaminants that have long analytical turnaround times. This report details how to determine the size of ESB through the use of advanced monitoring technologies and an evaluation of the treatment benefits of a range of processes. It also examines the public's perception of IPR, DPR, and the environmental buffer, using a novel animation and a targeted web-based survey |
| Notes |
5.3.3.1 Advanced Treatment Train #1: MF, RO, UV-AOP |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Energy storage.
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Water supply & treatment.
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Energy storage
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Environmental science, engineering & technology.
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Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation.
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Mining technology & engineering.
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Water supply & treatment.
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Environment and Ecology.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Snyder, Shane
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Macpherson, Linda
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| ISBN |
9781780408477 |
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1780408471 |
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