Advanced Drug Delivery -- Contents -- Preface -- About The Authors -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction and Basics of Advanced Drug Delivery -- 1 Physiological Barriers in Advanced Drug Delivery: Gastrointestinal Barrier -- 1.1 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES -- 1.2 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2.1 Anatomy of Gastrointestinal Tract -- 1.2.2 Gastrointestinal Physiology -- 1.2.3 Gastrointestinal Barrier -- 1.2.4 Absorption Models -- 1.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABSORPTION -- 1.3.1 Epithelial Membranes -- 1.3.2 Absorption Processes -- 1.3.3 Food -- 1.3.4 Age -- 1.3.5 Disease Status
1.4 PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABSORPTION -- 1.4.1 pH-Partition Theory -- 1.4.2 Drug pKa and Gastrointestinal pH -- 1.4.3 Lipid Solubility -- 1.4.4 Unstirred Water Layer -- 1.4.5 Dissolution -- 1.4.6 Hydrolysis in the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 1.4.7 Complexation and Adsorption -- 1.4.8 Deviation from pH-Partition Hypothesis -- 1.5 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME GASTROINTESTINAL BARRIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY -- 1.5.1 Alternative Formulations -- 1.5.2 Alternative Routes of Administration -- 1.6 SUMMARY -- ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES
2 Solubility and Stability Aspects in Advanced Drug Delivery -- 2.1 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES -- 2.2 SOLUBILITY -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 General Concept -- 2.2.3 Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) -- 2.3 BIOAVAILABILITY IMPROVEMENT -- 2.3.1 Enhancement of Solubility -- 2.3.2 Polarity Modification of Drugs -- 2.4 STABILITY -- 2.4.1 Stability of Pharmaceuticals -- 2.4.2 Preformulation Considerations in Stability -- 2.4.3 Formulation Considerations in Stability -- 2.5 SUMMARY -- ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 The Role of Transporters and the Efflux System in Drug Delivery
3.1 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES -- 3.2 INTRODUCTION -- 3.3 ABC TRANSPORTERS -- 3.3.1 ABC Proteins -- 3.3.2 Efflux Transporters -- 3.3.3 P-Glycoprotein -- 3.3.4 Multidrug Resistance Associated Proteins (MRPs) -- 3.3.5 Breast Cancer Resistant Protein (BCRP) -- 3.3.6 Genetic Factors in Drug Response -- 3.3.7 Substrate Recognition by P-glycoprotein -- 3.3.8 Substrate and Inhibitor Selectivity -- 3.4 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME ACTIVE EFFLUX -- 3.4.1 Pharmacological Inhibition of Efflux Proteins -- 3.4.2 First-Generation MDR Modulators -- 3.4.3 Second-Generation MDR Modulators
3.4.4 Third-Generation MDR Modulators -- 3.4.5 Herbal Modulation of MDR Efflux Proteins -- 3.4.6 Pharmaceutical Excipients as Inhibitors of MDR Efflux Proteins -- 3.4.7 Prodrug Strategy -- 3.4.8 Nanotechnology -- 3.4.9 Antibodies Specific to the MDR1 Protein -- 3.5 INFLUX TRANSPORTERS -- 3.5.1 Peptide Transporters -- 3.5.2 Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) -- 3.5.3 Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) -- 3.5.4 Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) -- 3.5.5 Sodium-Dependent Multivitamin Transporter (SMVT) -- 3.5.6 Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporters (SVCT1 and SVCT2)
