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Title Phytonutrients / edited by Andrew Salter, Helen Wiseman, Gregory Tucker
Published Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012
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Contents Phytonutrients -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1 Plant foods and health -- Introduction -- Historical changes in the plant content of the human diet -- Changing composition of dietary constituents in the past 50 years -- Plants -- nutrients and other constituents -- A summary of the evidence linking plant food intake and health -- Coronary heart disease and stroke -- Fruits and vegetables -- Pulses and nuts -- Cereals -- Antioxidant nutrients -- Other bioactive substances -- Antioxidant hypothesis -- Phytosterols and -stanols -- Conclusions for coronary heart disease and stroke -- Cancer -- Fruit and vegetables -- Legumes and nuts -- Foods containing fibre -- Vitamins -- Other plant-derived substances -- Conclusions for cancer -- Type 2 diabetes -- Age-related macular degeneration and cataract -- Age-related cognitive decline -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -- Osteoporosis and bone health -- Plant foods and health: overall conclusions -- Recommendations and current policy on plant food intake -- Fruit and vegetables -- Wholegrain foods -- Current consumption patterns -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- 2 Carbohydrates and lipids -- Introduction -- Major carbohydrates -- Sugars -- Polysaccharides -- Starch -- Cell wall polymers -- Biosynthesis of cell wall polymers -- Cell wall turnover -- Nutritional benefits of plant carbohydrates -- Major sources of dietary fibre within the diet and recommended intakes -- Definition and measurement of dietary fibre -- Physiological effects of dietary fibre -- Lipids -- Synthesis of fatty acids in plants -- Synthesis of glycerolipids in plants -- Modification of plant lipids -- Fatty acid composition of plant foods -- Vegetables -- Cereals -- Fruit -- Oil seeds -- Dietary lipids and human health -- Phytosterols -- 3 Carotenoids -- Introduction
Structure, biosynthesis and function of plant carotenoids -- Dietary sources and health benefits -- Absorption and bioavailability of dietary carotenoids -- Carotenoid type -- Food matrix -- Carotenoid metabolism in humans -- Meeting the dietary demand and consequences for imbalance -- Acknowledgements -- 4 Polyphenols -- Introduction -- Polyphenol structure -- Phenolic acids and stilbenes -- Flavonoids -- Biosynthetic routes within the plant -- Shikimic precursor and benzoic acid biosynthesis -- Cinnamic acid biosynthesis -- Stilbene biosynthesis -- Flavonoid biosynthesis -- Major sources within the diet -- Phenolic acids and stilbenes -- Flavonoids -- Flavonols -- Flavanones -- Flavanols -- Flavones -- Anthocyanins -- Isoflavones -- Metabolic fate of dietary polyphenols -- Gastrointestinal tract metabolism -- Colonic metabolism -- Role in human health -- Flavonoids as classical antioxidants -- Non-antioxidant activities of flavonoids -- Interactions with cell signalling pathways -- Other potential mechanisms of action -- Conclusion -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- 5 Vitamins C and E -- Introduction -- Vitamin C: structure and chemistry -- Dietary sources of vitamin C -- Vitamin C: biosynthesis and metabolism in plants -- Vitamin C functions in plants -- Vitamin C manipulation in plants -- Absorption and transport of vitamin C in mammals -- Vitamin E: structure and chemistry -- Dietary sources of vitamin E -- Vitamin E: biosynthetic pathways -- Roles of tocochromanols in plants -- Manipulation of tocochromanol concentration -- Absorption and transport of vitamin E in mammals -- Antioxidant functions of vitamin E -- 6 Folate -- Introduction -- One-carbon metabolism -- Generation and interconversion of C1-units -- Serine-glycine metabolism -- Formate activation -- Histidine catabolism -- Interconvertion of C1-substituted folates
Utilisation of C1-units -- Methionine synthesis -- Purine ring formation -- Formylation of methionyl-tRNA -- Thymidylate synthesis -- Pantothenate synthesis -- Folate synthesis and distribution in plants -- Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate in plants -- Pterin branch -- pABA branch -- Assembly of the pterin, pABA and glutamate moieties -- Reduction and polyglutamylation -- Catabolism and salvage pathway -- Compartmentation and transport of folates -- Subcellular location of folates -- Folate transporters -- Folates distribution in plants -- Physiology of folate in human health and disease -- Absorption -- Transport, storage, catabolism and excretion -- Metabolic and clinical manifestations of folate deficiency -- Diagnosis of folate deficiency -- Folate bioavailability, requirements and food fortification -- Bioavailability -- Dietary intake recommendations -- Dietary sources of folate -- Food fortification -- Prospects for plant foods biofortification -- 7 Phytoestrogens -- Introduction -- Biosynthesis of phytoestrogens -- Introduction -- Isoflavonoids -- Prenylated flavonoids -- Stilbenes -- Lignans -- Genetic engineering -- Isoflavonoids -- Introduction -- Dietary sources and intakes -- Metabolism and bioavailability -- Isoflavonoids and cancer prevention -- Hormone-dependent cancer prevention by isoflavonoids -- Oestrogens and risk of breast cancer -- Oestrogen receptor-mediated events -- Animal models -- Mechanisms of anticancer action of isoflavonoids -- Clinical studies -- Protection by isoflavonoids against cardiovascular disease -- Cholesterol-lowering and isoflavonoids -- Antioxidant action -- Arterial function -- Cellular effects -- Protection by isoflavonoids against osteoporosis, cognitive decline and menopausal symptoms? -- Osteoporosis -- Menopausal symptoms and cognitive decline -- Isoflavonoids: potential risks -- Lignans
Introduction -- Production of mammalian lignans -- Cardiovascular disease -- Breast cancer prevention -- Prostate cancer prevention -- Prevention of other types of cancer -- Other health benefits -- Prenylflavonoids -- Stilbenes -- Miroestrol -- Deoxybenzoins -- Coumestans -- Phytoestrogens and human health: conclusions -- 8 Plant minerals -- Introduction -- Genetic variation in plant mineral concentration -- Introduction -- Between-species genetic variation in plant mineral concentration -- Within-species genetic variation in plant mineral concentration -- Iron and zinc -- Iodine and selenium -- Calcium and magnesium -- Copper -- Has the mineral concentration of crops declined due to breeding for increased yield? -- Evidence for a decline in mineral concentration of horticultural crops -- Is there evidence for a decline in mineral concentration of staple crops? -- A case study on potatoes -- a précis of White et al. (2009) -- Index
Summary Plants are a major source of nutrition in our diet, and offer an array of health benefits, yet many Western diets are still over-reliant upon animal-based foods. Growing evidence suggests that this emphasis on foods of animal origin may be linked to increased incidences of cancer and cardiovascular disorders, and that increased consumption of key plant-based foods may result in protection from some of these diseases. In fact, plants can provide us with almost all of our dietary requirements, including macronutrients such as carbohydrates and lipids, and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Many other phytochemicals, including carotenoids, polyphenols and phytoestrogens, whilst not essential, have also been shown to be beneficial to human health. Phytonutrients covers the role of plants in the human diet and argues for the beneficial effects of many other components of plants besides the obvious nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It addresses the biochemistry and nutritional importance of all the major macronutrients, as well as the micronutrients and non-essential nutrients. At a time when there is growing interest amongst plant scientists in the enhancement of nutrients within crops, this book also looks at how a better understanding of plant metabolism can facilitate the application of genetic engineering, for example to enhance levels of vitamin A and folate, or the manipulation of biosynthetic pathways to introduce novel nutrients into plants. With contributions from experts in both plant science and nutrition, this is an essential purchase for nutritionists, food scientists and plant biochemists, particularly those working with nutrients from plants and their use in the human diet. Students and researchers will prize the authors' scholarship and expertise, and readers from the agrifood industry will
Value the book's groundbreaking findings. Whether the reader's background is in plant science or nutrition, the authors' cross-disciplinary approach will encourage understanding, dialogue and collaboration between these often disparate fields of expertise
Analysis plantensamenstelling
plant composition
voedselsamenstelling
food composition
phytochemicals
fytochemie
phytochemistry
voedingsstoffen
nutrients
Plant Composition
Food Analysis
Plantensamenstelling
Voedselanalyse
Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index
Notes English
Print version record
Subject Phytonutrients.
Phytochemicals.
Food -- Composition.
Phytochemicals
SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Biochemistry.
Food -- Composition
Phytochemicals
Phytonutrients
Genre/Form Electronic books
Form Electronic book
Author Salter, Andrew M
Wiseman, Helen
Tucker, G. A. (Gregory A.)
ISBN 9781118253649
1118253647
9781118253632
1118253639
1280586478
9781280586477
9786613616302
6613616303
1118240928
9781118240922