Introduction: A reversal in perspective -- Part 1. The Jew-of-the-citizen. Naked singularity in the Shoah -- The unthinkable singularity -- The all-too-thinkable Shoah -- The unthought singularity -- The "universal" narrative of singularity -- Democracy's Jewish question : Sartre and Arendt -- Part 2. The man-of-the-citizen. The enigma of the democratic man -- The "crime of being born" : the obscenity of the native condition of men -- The hidden religion of modernity -- The memory controversy as a decoy -- Part 3. The Jew-of-the-man : the singular and the democratic universal. The enigma of Jewish singularity -- The enigma of the "people" -- Towards a new age in democracy?