Title Sense and nonsense of statistical inference controversy, misuse, and subtlety / Chamont Wang

Published New York : Marcel Dekker, ©1993

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Description 1 online resource Series Popular statistics ; 6 Popular statistics ; 6. Contents Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table of Contents -- 1 Fads and Fallacies in Hypothesis Testing -- I. Examples: The t-Test -- II. A Two-Stage Test-of-Significance -- III. More Examples: A Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Some Diagnostic Statistics for Model Building -- IV. Mechanical Application of Statistical Tests -- V. Data Snooping -- VI. An Appreciation of ""Non-Significant"" Results -- VII. Type I and Type II Errors: For Decision-Making -- VIII. Type I and Type II Errors: For General Scientists -- IX. Concluding Remarks 2 Quasi-Inferential Statistics -- I. Randomness or Chaos? -- II. Hume's Problem -- III. Unobservables, Semi-Unobservables, and Grab Sets -- IV. Is Statistics a Science? -- V. Grab Sets and Quasi-Inferential Statistics -- VI. Concluding Remarks: Quasi- and Pseudo-Inferential Statistics -- 3 Statistical Causality and Law-Like Relationships -- I. Introduction -- II. Sense and Nonsense in Causal Inference: Examples -- III. Rubin's Model and Controlled Experiments -- IV. Rubin's Model and Observational Studies -- V. Causal Inference in Sample Survey and Other Observational Studies VI. Causes, Indicators, and Latent Variables -- 4 Amoeba Regression and Time-Series Models -- I. Discovering Causal Structure: Science Now Can Be Easily Cloned -- II. Regression and Time-Series Analysis: Science or Lunacy? (Part I) -- Ill. Regression and Time-Series Analysis: Science or Lunacy? (Part II) -- IV. Regression and Time-Series Analysis: Science or Lunacy? (Part ill) -- V. Statistical Correlation versus Physical Causation -- Intermission -- 5 A Critical Eye and an Appreciative Mind toward Subjective Knowledge I. The Sorry State of Statistical Evaluation: A Case Study in Educational Research -- II. Modeling Interaction Effects: A Case Study from the Social-Behavioral Sciences -- 6 On Objectivity, Subjectivity, and Probability -- I. Statistical ""Justification"" of Scientific Knowledge and Scientific Philosophy -- II. Classical Probability, Common Sense, and a Strange View of Nature -- III. Intuition and Subjective Knowledge in Action: The Bayes Theorem (and Its Misuse) -- IV. Bayesian Time-Series Analysis and E. T. (Extra Time-Series) Judgment V. A Pursuit of Information beyond the Data in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies -- VI. Women and Love: A Case Study in Qualitative/Quantitative Analysis -- 7 A Delicate Balance Between Order and Chaos -- I. Objectivity versus Reliability -- II. Order within Chaos: Heartbeats, Brainwaves, Simulated Annealing, and the Fiddling of a System -- 8 The Riddle of the Ubiquitous Statistics -- I. Information and Misinformation -- II. Statistical Quality Control and the Conflicting Teachings of Q. C. Gurus -- Epilog: Toward a New Perspective on Statistical Inference -- Index Summary "This volume focuses on the abuse of statistical inference in scientific and statistical literature, as well as in a variety of other sources, presenting examples of misused statistics to show that many scientists and statisticians are unaware of, or unwilling to challenge the chaotic state of statistical practices.;The book: provides examples of ubiquitous statistical tests taken from the biomedical and behavioral sciences, economics and the statistical literature; discusses conflicting views of randomization, emphasizing certain aspects of induction and epistemology; reveals fallacious practices in statistical causal inference, stressing the misuse of regression models and time-series analysis as instant formulas to draw causal relationships; treats constructive uses of statistics, such as a modern version of Fisher's puzzle, Bayesian analysis, Shewhart control chart, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, nonlinear modeling, spectral estimation and Markov processes in quality control."--Publisher's description Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Mathematical statistics. Science -- Philosophy. Science -- Statistical methods 31.73 mathematical statistics. Ciencia -- Métodos estadísticos Análisis estadístico multivariable. Mathematical statistics Science -- Philosophy Science -- Statistical methods Inferenzstatistik -- Manipulation. Manipulation -- Inferenzstatistik. Form Electronic book ISBN 9781000148121 1000148122 9781003067016 (electronic bk) 1003067018 (electronic bk)

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