| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- MicroRNA -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- I. Overview -- 1 Overview of micro-RNA -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The biogenesis of micro-RNA -- 1.3 Roles of micro-RNA in cancer -- 1.3.1 micro-RNA in bladder cancer -- 1.3.2 micro-RNA in breast cancer -- 1.3.3 micro-RNA in liver cancer -- 1.3.4 micro-RNA in melanoma -- 1.3.5 micro-RNA in pancreatic cancer -- 1.3.6 micro-RNA in colorectal cancer -- 1.3.7 micro-RNAs and endometrial cancer -- 1.3.8 micro-RNAs and renal cancer -- 1.4 micro-RNAs and chemoresistance/chemosensitivity -- 1.5 micro-RNA and SARS-CoV-2 -- 1.6 micro-RNA in immune system -- 1.7 micro-RNA and autoimmune -- 1.8 micro-RNA and aging -- 1.9 micro-RNAs and other diseases -- 1.10 micro-RNA biogenesis of plant -- 1.11 Cross talking of micro-RNA -- 1.12 Conclusion -- References -- II. Biogenesis and maturation -- 2 Maturation of microRNAs -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The classic canonical miRNA maturation pathway -- 2.2.1 Transcription of miRNAs -- 2.2.2 Biogenesis and maturation of miRNA -- 2.2.2.1 Canonical pathway -- 2.2.2.1.1 miRNA transcription in the nucleus -- 2.2.2.1.2 Export to the cytoplasm -- 2.2.2.1.3 Maturation of miRNA in the cytoplasm -- 2.2.2.1.4 RNA-induced silencing complex-loading machine -- 2.3 The alternative noncanoniocal miRNA maturation pathway -- 2.3.1 Mirtrons -- 2.3.2 Dicer-independent miRNAs -- 2.3.3 Small nucleolar RNA-derived miRNAs -- 2.4 The commonly used approaches to study miRNA maturation -- 2.4.1 Sample types and miRNA extraction -- 2.4.2 Quality and quantity assessment -- 2.4.3 miRNA profiling methods -- 2.4.3.1 Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR-based methods -- 2.4.3.2 Hybridization-based methods -- 2.4.3.3 RNA-Seq -- References -- III. Methodology and bioinformatics -- 3 MicroRNA interference -- 3.1 Background: definition and applications |
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3.2 Methods -- 3.2.1 miRNA inhibition -- 3.2.1.1 miRNA inhibition by oligonucleotides -- 3.2.1.2 miRNA inhibition by target masking -- 3.2.1.3 miRNA inhibition by miRNA sponges -- 3.2.1.4 miRNA inhibition by drug-like small molecules -- 3.2.1.5 miRNA inhibition by genome editing -- 3.2.2 miRNA upregulation -- 3.2.3 Delivery methods -- 3.2.3.1 Nonviral-based delivery -- 3.2.3.2 Virus-based delivery -- 3.2.4 miRNA interference-based therapeutics -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- 4 MicroRNA target prediction and validation -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Biological concepts used in miRNA target predictions -- 4.2.1 miRNA seed region binding -- 4.2.2 Free energy -- 4.2.3 Evolutionary conservation -- 4.2.4 Target site accessibility -- 4.2.5 Target site abundance -- 4.3 Available miRNA target prediction algorithms -- 4.4 Common experimental validation methods of miRNA targets -- 4.5 Machine learning algorithms to learn complex patterns in miRNA-target interactions -- 4.6 Other useful resources and databases for miRNA studies -- 4.7 Challenges and limitations in computational identification of miRNA targets -- 4.8 Concluding remarks and perspectives -- References -- 5 Turning data to knowledge: online tools, databases, and resources in microRNA research -- 5.1 Human miRNA regulation -- 5.2 The scope and organization of the chapter -- 5.3 Repositories for miRNA: catalogs and genome browsers -- 5.3.1 miRNA gene catalogs -- 5.3.2 miRNAs in genomic browsers -- 5.4 Gateway for miRNAs: integrative platforms -- 5.5 miRNA gene regulation: transcription factors and cellular context -- 5.6 miRNA-targets prediction: experiments and validations -- 5.6.1 miRNA-target prediction tools and resources -- 5.6.2 miRNA-target prediction validation databases -- 5.7 miRNA-target databases: network and pathways -- 5.8 miRNA sponge: ceRNA and lncRNA interaction |
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5.9 Genomic miRNA database: variations and isomiRs -- 5.10 miRNA dysregulation: diseases, cancer, and signaling -- 5.10.1 Disease-related miRNA databases -- 5.10.2 Cancer-related miRNA databases -- 5.11 Summary and future perspectives -- References -- IV. Molecular mechanisms and gene regulation -- 6 Function of microRNAs in the cytoplasm -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Subcellular localization of miRNAs -- 6.2.1 Processing bodies -- 6.2.2 Endoplasmic reticulum -- 6.2.3 Mitochondria -- 6.2.4 The nucleus -- 6.2.5 Other subcellular sites within the cytoplasm -- 6.3 Repression of gene expression via mRNA degradation -- 6.3.1 miRNA-mRNA binding -- 6.3.2 miRNA target cleavage -- 6.3.3 Target RNA destabilization through deadenylation and decapping -- 6.3.4 miRNA stability -- 6.4 Repression of gene expression via translational repression -- 6.4.1 Reduced translation initiation -- 6.4.2 Ribosome dissociation and reduced ribosome occupancy -- 6.5 Enhancement of gene expression -- 6.6 miRNA regulation of gene expression is cell context-specific -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- 7 MicroRNA turnover and nuclear function -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 miRNA biogenesis -- 7.2.1 Canonical miRNA biogenesis: nuclear components -- 7.2.2 Noncanonical miRNA biogenesis -- 7.3 Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of pre-miRNA -- 7.3.1 Exportin-5 (XPO5)-RanGTP carrier-mediated transport of canonical miRNAs -- 7.3.2 Exportin-1 (CRM1 -- XPO1) mediated transport -- 7.4 Nuclear localization of processing proteins and miRNAs -- 7.4.1 miRNA-induced silencing complex in the nucleus -- 7.4.2 miRNA localization in the nucleus -- 7.4.3 miRNA biogenesis in the nucleus -- 7.5 miRNA functions in the nucleus -- 7.5.1 Transcriptional regulation -- 7.5.2 Long noncoding RNAs regulation -- 7.5.3 Putative emerging roles of nuclear miRNAs -- 7.6 miRNA turnover -- 7.6.1 Variation in the stability of miRNAs |
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7.6.2 Mechanisms that control miRNA stability and degradation -- 7.6.2.1 3′ tails and 5′ capping of pre and mature miRNAs -- 7.6.2.2 3′ methylation of mature miRNAs -- 7.6.2.3 Intrinsic miRNA sequences and editing -- 7.6.2.4 AGO and GW182 in mature miRNA stability -- 7.6.2.5 Target-mediated miRNA protection -- 7.6.2.6 Target-directed miRNA degradation -- 7.6.2.7 Exoribonucleases involved in miRNA degradation -- 7.7 Conclusions -- References -- 8 MicroRNA-mediated transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Biogenesis of microRNAs -- 8.3 Regulatory function of nuclear microRNA -- 8.4 Regulatory function of mitochondrial microRNA -- 8.5 Transcriptional gene regulation mediated by nuclear microRNAs -- 8.5.1 microRNA transcriptional gene activation -- 8.5.2 microRNA transcriptional gene silencing -- 8.6 microRNAs regulate transcription by interaction with gene promoters -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Epigenetic regulation and microRNA expression -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 microRNAs -- 9.3 Epigenetic regulation of microRNAs -- 9.3.1 DNA-methylation-mediated regulation of microRNAs -- 9.3.2 Histone modification-mediated regulation of microRNAs -- 9.3.3 RNA modification-mediated regulation of microRNAs -- 9.4 microRNAs affect epigenetic expression -- 9.4.1 DNA methylation and RNA modification regulated by microRNAs -- 9.4.2 Histone modification regulated by microRNAs -- 9.5 microRNAs-epigenetic regulator drugs -- 9.6 Conclusion and future prospective -- References -- 10 RNA m6A modification and microRNAs -- 10.1 Overview of epitranscriptome -- 10.1.1 Pseudouridine -- 10.1.2 N1-methyladenosine -- 10.1.3 ribose methylations -- 10.1.4 5-methylcytidine -- 10.1.5 N7-methylguanosine -- 10.1.6 N4-acetylcytidine -- 10.1.7 m6A -- 10.2 m6A and miRNA -- 10.2.1 m6A affects biogenesis of miRNA |
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10.2.2 m6A affects miRNA efficiency toward target mRNAs -- 10.2.3 miRNA can affect m6A -- 10.3 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Unconventional functions of miRNAs -- 11.1 Unconventional subcellular localizations of miRNAs -- 11.1.1 Nucleus -- 11.1.2 Nucleolus -- 11.1.3 Mitochondria -- 11.2 Unconventional miRNA functions: activation of innate immune sensors -- 11.2.1 Innate immune RNA sensors -- 11.2.1.1 Retinoic acid-inducible gene-like receptors -- 11.2.1.2 Toll-like receptors -- 11.2.2 Endogenous RNA sensing -- 11.2.2.1 Activation of innate immune receptors by host RNAs in virus-infected cells -- 11.2.2.2 Activation of RNA receptors in sterile conditions -- 11.2.3 miRNAs as ligands of innate immune sensors -- 11.2.3.1 Biogenesis of extracellular miRNAs -- 11.2.3.2 miRNA delivery to innate immune receptors -- 11.2.3.3 Features of innate immune receptor activation by miRNAs -- 11.2.3.4 The "cell-to-cell communication" theory: myth or reality? -- 11.2.4 miRNAs as Toll-like receptor-activators in pathology -- 11.2.4.1 Cancer -- 11.2.4.2 Neuron activation and death -- 11.2.4.3 Autoimmune diseases -- 11.2.4.4 Infectious diseases -- 11.2.4.5 Other diseases -- 11.3 Other unconventional miRNA functions -- 11.3.1 Activation of transcription -- 11.3.2 Activation of mRNA translation -- 11.3.3 miRNAs encoding for peptides -- 11.3.4 Interaction with non-AGO proteins -- Conflict of interest statement -- References -- V. MicroRNA as biomarkers -- 12 Detection methodologies for microRNA biomarker profiling -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 miRNA extraction methods -- 12.3 miRNA profiling methods -- 12.3.1 Probe-hybridization unamplified techniques -- 12.3.1.1 Northern blot -- 12.3.1.2 In situ hybridization -- 12.3.1.3 RNA microarray -- 12.3.2 Amplification-based methods -- 12.3.2.1 Real-time quantitative PCR -- 12.3.2.2 Next-generation sequencing |
| Summary |
MicroRNA: From Bench to Bedside provides an in-depth, expansive overview of microRNA from fundamentals to clinical practice. It presents researchers with detailed insights on the topic of microRNA, exploring foundational knowledge that is followed by methodologies and the latest technologies for research and potential theragnostic and therapeutic applications for specific diseases. The book consists of eight parts, beginning with an introduction to microRNA and the current state of the field, followed by sections on biogenesis and maturation of microRNA, and methodology and bioinformatics, where chapters focus on isolation and detection techniques. Sections then move on to molecular mechanisms and gene regulation, considering topics such as transcriptional regulation and epigenetic regulation, as well as the role of microRNA as biomarkers. Additionally, microRNA and human disease and microRNA-based therapeutics are explored, focusing on a wide range of diseases such as cancer, age-related disease, cardiovascular disease, microRNA targeted therapy in hepatitis and therapeutic strategies for diabetes. The book concludes with a discussion on advances and future perspectives in microRNA investigation. Covers the topic of microRNA in detail, from foundational knowledge to clinical application Explores the physiological and pathological roles of microRNAs in various human diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular and age-related diseases Discusses future directions and challenges in the field Includes chapters on methodology and bioinformatics for microRNA research-- Provided by publisher |
| Notes |
Includes index |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
MicroRNA.
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MicroRNA -- Health aspects
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MicroRNA -- Laboratory manuals
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MicroRNA
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Xiao, Junjie
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| ISBN |
9780323885584 |
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0323885586 |
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