Table of Contents |
1. | Analogy Between Quantum Mechanics and Optics | 1 |
1.1. | Wave Equation | 2 |
1.1.1. | One-Dimensional Scalar Wave Equation | 2 |
1.1.2. | One-Dimensional Stationary Schrodinger Equation | 4 |
1.2. | Optical Waveguide and Quantum Well | 5 |
1.2.1. | Asymmetric Optical Waveguide | 6 |
1.2.2. | Asymmetric Square Potential Well | 7 |
1.3. | Tunneling Effect | 8 |
1.3.1. | Optical Energy Coupling Structure | 9 |
1.3.2. | Barrier Tunneling | 10 |
1.4. | Square-Law Distribution | 12 |
1.4.1. | Optical Waveguide with Square-Law-Distributed Refractive Index | 12 |
1.4.2. | Harmonic Oscillator | 13 |
| References | 14 |
2. | Analytical Transfer Matrix Method | 15 |
2.1. | Basic Characteristics of the Transfer Matrix | 16 |
2.1.1. | Establish a Transfer Matrix | 16 |
2.1.2. | Basic Characteristics of the Transfer Matrix | 19 |
2.2. | Solving Simple One-Dimensional Problems | 24 |
2.2.1. | Asymmetric Rectangular Potential Well | 24 |
2.2.2. | Tunneling Coefficient of Rectangular Barrier | 25 |
| References | 25 |
3. | Semiclassical Approximation | 27 |
3.1. | WKB Wave Function | 28 |
3.2. | Semiclassical Limit | 33 |
3.3. | Connection Formulas at Turning Points | 34 |
3.4. | Application of the WKB Approximation | 37 |
3.4.1. | Bound State in a Potential Well | 37 |
3.4.2. | Barrier Tunneling | 39 |
3.4.3. | Some Related Topics | 41 |
| References | 44 |
4. | Exact Quantization Condition via Analytical Transfer Matrix Method | 47 |
4.1. | Double-Well Potentials | 48 |
4.2. | One-Dimensional Potential of Arbitrary Shape | 51 |
4.2.1. | Analysis of One-Dimensional Problems via Transfer Matrix | 51 |
4.2.2. | Phase Shift at Classical Turning Points | 56 |
4.2.3. | Phase Contribution of Scattered Subwaves | 57 |
4.2.4. | Eigenvalue Equation | 58 |
4.2.5. | The Calculation of the Wave Function | 60 |
4.2.6. | Accidental Event of the WKB Approximation | 61 |
4.3. | Energy Splitting in Symmetric Double-Well Potentials | 62 |
4.3.1. | One-Dimensional Square Double-Well Potential | 62 |
4.3.2. | One-Dimensional Symmetric Double-Well Potentials | 64 |
4.4. | Example of the Lennard-Jones Potential | 66 |
4.5. | Direct Derivation of the Exact Quantization Condition | 69 |
| References | 72 |
5. | Barrier Tunneling | 75 |
5.1. | One-Dimensional Arbitrary Continuous Barrier | 76 |
5.1.1. | ATM Reflection Coefficient with a Constant Effective Mass | 76 |
5.1.2. | The Case of m = 1 and m = 2 | 81 |
5.1.3. | Continuous Potential at the Reference Point | 83 |
5.2. | Compared with WKB Approximation | 84 |
5.2.1. | Barrier with Adjacent Wells | 84 |
5.2.2. | Band-Pass Filter Based on a Gaussian-Modulated Superlattice | 86 |
5.3. | One-Dimensional Arbitrary Continuous Barrier with Position-Dependent Effective Mass | 88 |
5.3.1. | Derivation of Reflection Coefficient | 88 |
5.3.2. | The Semiconductor Single Barrier Structure | 93 |
5.3.3. | Semiconductor Double-Barrier Structure with Nonlinear Potential | 94 |
| References | 95 |
6. | The Scattered Subwaves | 97 |
6.1. | Basic Concept | 98 |
6.1.1. | Conceptual Difference of the Wave Vector | 98 |
6.1.2. | Numerical Comparison of the Total Wavenumber and the Main Wavenumber | 99 |
6.2. | The Scattered Subwaves and the Quantum Reflection | 100 |
6.2.1. | Research Progress in Quantum Reflection | 101 |
6.2.2. | Explanation by the ATM Method | 102 |
6.3. | Time Issue in One-Dimensional Scattering | 109 |
6.3.1. | Barrier Tunneling Time and the Hartman Effect | 109 |
6.3.2. | Analogy Between Electron Tunneling and Electromagnetic Tunneling | 112 |
6.3.3. | Reinterpretation of the Phase Time | 114 |
6.3.4. | Generalized Expression for Reflection Time | 116 |
6.3.5. | General Transmission Time | 122 |
6.3.6. | Scattered Subwayes and the Hartman Effect | 126 |
6.4. | Scattered Subwaves and the Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics | 129 |
6.4.1. | Brief Introduction of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics | 130 |
6.4.2. | SWKB Approximation | 132 |
6.4.3. | Consideration of the Scattered Subwaves | 134 |
6.4.4. | Why Is SWKB Quantization Condition Exact? | 141 |
| References | 144 |