Mental testing under fire -- Tests on trial -- The drive for equality -- The distribution of mental ability -- Varieties of mental test items -- Do IQ tests really measure intelligence? -- Reliability and stability of mental measurements -- Validity and correlates of mental tests -- Definitions and criteria of test bias -- Bias in predictive validity: empirical evidence -- Internal criteria of test bias: empirical evidence -- External sources of bias -- Sex bias -- Culture-reduced tests and techniques -- Uses and abuses of tests