The metal-ligand interaction -- Reactions of co-ordinated carbonyl compounds with nucleophiles -- Other reactions of co-ordinated ligands with nucleophiles -- Stabilisation of anions and reactions of co-ordinated ligands with electrophiles -- Cyclic ligands and the template effect -- The three-dimensional template effect, supramolecular chemistry and molecular topology -- Aromatic and heterocyclic ligands -- Oxidation and reduction of co-ordinated ligands