Evolutionary Hypotheses and Tests -- Modes of Reproduction -- Sexual Selection Theory -- Timing of Mate Locating -- Motivation to Copulate -- Competition in the Attraction of Females -- Selection and Defense of Mating Sites -- Male Mating Systems -- Intraspecific Variation in Male Mating Systems -- Protection of Females during Courtship and Copulation -- Sperm Competition and the Fertilization of Eggs -- Selective Mate Choice by Females -- Mechanisms of Female Choice -- Female Mating Systems