Title I've been here all the while : Black freedom on Native land / Alaina E. Roberts

Published Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, [2021] ©2021

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Description 1 online resource (8 unnumbered pages, 200 pages) : illustrations, map, portraits Series America in the nineteenth century America in the nineteenth century. Contents Introduction -- First settlers of Indian Territory -- Emancipation and intervention -- Whose racial paradise? -- Last wave -- Epilogue Summary "Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"--the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907."-- Provided by publisher Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Alaina E. Roberts teaches history at the University of Pittsburgh Print version record Subject African Americans -- Indian Territory -- History Freed persons -- Indian Territory -- History Indians of North America -- Indian Territory -- History Land settlement -- Indian Territory -- History Five Civilized Tribes -- Land tenure -- Indian Territory -- History African Americans -- Land tenure -- Indian Territory -- History Slavery -- Indian Territory -- History African Americans African Americans -- Land tenure Five Civilized Tribes -- Land tenure Freed persons Indians of North America Land settlement Slavery First Nations. Oklahoma -- Indian Territory Genre/Form History Form Electronic book ISBN 9780812297980 0812297989

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