1 Introduction -- 2 Fertility Trends, 1870-1967 -- 3 Involuntary Childlessness -- 4 Self Help: Emmenagogues and Abortifacients -- 5 The Physician's Method: Curettage -- 6 Abortion: Law and (Dis)Order, Physicians and Midwives -- 7 The Ethics of Abortion: Poverty and Stigma -- 8 Contraception and its Methods I: Natural Methods -- 9 Contraception and its Methods II: Appliances and the Pill -- 10 Physicians and their Role: 'Medicine is an Art Form' -- 11 Conclusions