This case discusses the impact of the global sand industry on biodiversity and the economy. Through an examination of the global theft of sand in particular, this case argues for greater sensitivity in how development is planned, how actors (both state and nonstate) are complicit in this business, and the risks that are posed to activists and others who oppose the status quo. With a focus on the sand mafia in India, this case helps students understand the nuances and tensions inherent in development. While development of countries is dependent on natural resources, sometimes this entails a Faustian bargain resulting in the exploitation of people and irreversible damage to the environment
