| Description |
xxxvi, 89 pages ; 30 cm |
| Contents |
1.1.4. Brief overview of current health risk assessment methods: 1.1.4.1. Threshold models -- 1.1.4.2. Non-threshold models -- 1.2. TWP critique of current methods -- 1.3. Purpose and goals of the toxicity risk assessment method for chemical carcinogens -- ch. 2. Procedure for use of modified-benchmark dose approach for carcinogen risk assessment: 2.1. Brief overview of existing benchmark dose method -- 2.2. Rationale for use in carcinogen risk assessment -- 2.3. Overview of toxicity assessment procedure -- 2.4. Modified-benchmark dose method -- 2.4.1. Generic processes -- 2.4.1.1. The modified-BMD -- 2.4.1.2. Selecting the risk (response) associated with the modified-BMD -- 2.4.1.3. Defining the risk -- 2.4.1.4. Mathematical model recommendations -- 2.4.1.5. Use of models with limited data sets -- |
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2.4.2. Data specific processes: 2.4.2.1. Overview -- 2.4.2.2. Assessing and selecting the dose-response data -- 2.4.2.3. Transforming the data and fitting the mathematical model -- 2.3.2.4. Adjustment for lack of fit -- 2.4.2.5. Other statistical considerations -- 2.5. Deriving the guideline dose -- ch. 3. Writing the report -- ch. 4. Use of the guideline dose -- 4.1. Health-based soil investigation levels -- 4.2. Exposure assessment -- 4.3. Risk characterisation -- 4.4. Exceeding the guideline dose -- ch. 5. Risk assessment of mixtures -- ch. 6. Recommendations for implementation -- ch. 7. Conclusions -- Appendix A. Selection of available data -- A1. Introduction -- A2. Adequacy of available studies: A2.1. Human data -- A2.2. Animal data -- A2.3. Other relevant studies and sources of evidence -- |
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Appendix B. Evaluation of tumour effects: B1. Animal bioassays -- B1.1. Confounding factors in animal studies -- B2. Human studies -- B2.1. Study design and conduct -- B2.2. Exposure assessment -- B2.3. Statistical confidence of the results -- B2.4. Causality -- B2.5. Meta-analyses -- B3. Other relevant studies -- B3.1. Genotoxicity studies -- B3.2. Toxicokinetic studies -- B3.3. Mechanistic studies -- B4. Other relevant sources of evidence -- B4.1. Physico-chemical properties -- B4.2. Structure activity relationships (SAR) -- B4.3. Biomarker information -- B5. Conclusions about the carcinogenic hazard of the agent -- B5.1. Agent poses a carcinogenic hazard: B5.1.1. Human data -- B5.1.2. Animal data -- B5.2. Agent does not pose a carcinogenic hazard: B5.2.1. Human data -- B5.2.2. Animal data -- Appendix C. Assessing the carcinogenic hazard to humans -- |
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C1. Agent poses a carcinogenic hazard to humans -- C2. Agent does not pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans -- Appendix D. The application of the benchmark dose method -- D1. The generic nature of the benchmark dose method -- D2. Choice and use of models -- D3. Adjusting for survival -- D4. Extra risk -- Appendix E. Benchmark dose scaling -- E1. Interspecies scaling of doses -- E2. Route to route scaling -- E3. Other factors in dose scaling -- Appendix F. Factors -- F1. Interspecies differences -- F2. Intraspecies variability -- F3. Adequacy of the data base -- F4. Seriousness of the carcinogenic response -- F4.1. Tumour induction -- F4.1.1. Malignant tumours -- F4.1.2. Benign tumours -- F4.2. Genetic and related effects -- F5. Calculation of an overall factor -- Appendix G. Writing the report -- Figures and tables -- Figure 1. Decision tree for cancer risk assessment -- |
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Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the determination of the BMD p for a given specified level of risk p -- Figure 3. Overview of modified-benchmark dose modelling -- Figure 4. Application of factors to modified-benchmark dose modelling -- Figure 5. Decision tree for deriving factors for seriousness of carcinogenic effect -- Table 1. Representative dose-response models for quantal data -- Table 2. Factors for deriving a guideline dose -- Addendum figures: Figure 1. Recommended approach to the assessment and management of potentially contaminated sites -- Figure 2. Health risk assessment and management of contaminated sites |
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Preface: What is a contaminated site? -- How do we know whether a contaminant poses a problem? -- What kinds of problems can these chemicals cause? -- What risk is acceptable? -- How is cancer caused? -- How are the effects of chemicals assessed? -- What is a 'safe' level of exposure? -- How is the benchmark does determined? -- How is the guideline does determined? -- How will the guideline does be used? -- How will the assessments occur? -- Executive summary: Introduction -- Decision process for conducting toxicity assessment of carcinogenic soil contaminants -- Major science policy decisions/recommendations -- Chapter 1. Introduction: 1.1. Background: 1.1.1. Goals of the Technical Working Party -- 1.1.2. Brief overview of carcinogenesis -- 1.1.3. Defining acceptable exposures -- |
| Analysis |
Cancer |
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Hazardous chemicals |
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Soil pollution |
| Notes |
"Endorsed 6th September 1999"--t.p |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Also available via the Internet at: http://www.health.gov.au |
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Commonwealth of Australia |
| Subject |
Carcinogens -- Australia.
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Carcinogens.
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Environmental toxicology.
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Hazardous waste sites -- Environmental aspects -- Australia.
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Hazardous waste sites -- Physiological effect.
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Hazardous wastes -- Risk assessment -- Australia.
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Health risk assessment -- Australia.
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Soil pollution -- Physiological effect.
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Soil pollution -- Health aspects -- Australia.
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Soil Pollutants -- toxicity.
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Carcinogens.
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Risk Assessment.
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| Author |
National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
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| ISBN |
1864960361 |
