The regulation of gene expression -- The regulation of enzyme activity -- Structure and function of signal pathways -- Signaling by nuclear receptors -- G protein-coupled signal transmission pathways -- Intracellular messenger substance : second messengers -- Ser/Thr-specific protein kinases and protein phosphates -- Signal transmission via transmembrane receptors with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity -- Signal transmission via ras proteins -- Intracellular signal transduction : the protein cascades of the MAP kinase pathways -- Membrane receptors with associated tyrosine kinase activity -- Other receptor classes -- Regulation of the cell cycle -- Malfunction of signaling pathways and tumorigenesis : oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes -- Apoptosis
