Title Wood structure and environment / Fritz H. Schweingruber

Published Berlin ; London : Springer, 2007

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Description 1 online resource (x, 279 pages) : illustrations Series Springer series in wood science Springer series in wood science. Contents Cover -- TOCContents -- CH1 Introduction -- CH2 Preparation of Wood and Herb Samples for Microscopic Analysis -- 2.1 Labeling, Transport and Storage -- 2.2 Sample Preparation for Microtome Sectioning -- 2.3 Sample Preparation for Episcopic Microscopic Examination -- 2.4 Making Thin Sections -- 2.5 Staining of Thin Sections for Permanent Slides -- 2.6 Preparation of Impermanent Slides -- 2.7 Microscopic Observation and Photography -- CH3 Growth Zones and Stems in Relation to Genetic Ecological Factors -- 3.1 The Xylem As an Indicator of Genetic Identity -- 3.1.1 Woody Plants Without Vessels -- 3.1.2 Woody Plants with Vessels -- 3.1.3 Woody Plants with Vessels and Included Phloem -- 3.2 Intra-annual Anatomical Variations -- 3.2.1 Flat Ground Tissue Cells with Thick Cell Walls -- 3.2.2 Recurrent Change of Different Cell Types and Cell Sizes in Deciduous Trees -- 3.2.3 Periodic Storage of Cell Compounds -- 3.2.4 Cell-Type-Specific Cell Wall Thickening and Lignification -- 3.3 Interannual Anatomical Variations (Tree-Ring Boundaries) -- 3.3.1 Thick-Walled, Flat Fibers -- 3.3.2 Periodic Intra-annual Change Between Different Cell Types and Sizes in Deciduous Trees in Relation to Earlywood and Latewood Boundaries -- 3.3.3 Periodic Deposition of Crystals -- 3.3.4 Variable Cell Wall Thickening and Lignification -- 3.3.5 Variable Genetic Predisposition -- 3.5 Lateral Variations -- 3.5.1 Discontinuous Growth and Variable Anatomical Structures -- 3.5.2 Wavy Tree-Ring Pattern, Displaced Rings and Irregular Stem Cross Sections -- 3.5.3 Variable Axial Fiber Arrangement, Especially Spiral Grain -- 3.6 Growth Zones in Perennial Plants with Very Short or Long Stem Axes: Perennial Herbaceous Plants, Dwarf Shrubs, Climbers and Lianas -- 3.6.1 Plants with Short Stem Axes -- 3.6.2 Plants with Extremely Elongated Stem Axes, in Particular from Temperate and Semiarid Regions -- 3.6.3 Comparison of Wood Anatomical Structures of Dwarf Shrubs and Liana-Like Woody Plants -- CH4 Modification of the Tree-Ring Anatomy Due to Ageing and the Position Within the Tree -- 4.1 Ontogenesis of the Xylem in Roots and Shoots -- 4.1.1 The Center of the Root -- 4.1.2 The Center of the Sprout -- 4.2 Ontogenetic and Physiological Ageing of Wood -- 4.2.1 Definition of the Term Ageing -- 4.2.2 The Effects of Environmental Factors on Ageing -- 4.2.3 Anatomical Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Wood -- 4.3 Branches and Twigs -- 4.3.1 The Dendrochronological Importance of Branches and Twigs -- 4.3.2 Bud-Scale Scars and Tree Rings in Long and Short Shoots Expressing Crown Dynamics -- 4.3.3 The Elimination of Branches and Twigs -- 4.3.4 Shoot Metamorphism -- 4.4 Roots -- 4.4.1 The Dendrochronological Importance of Roots -- 4.4.2 Structural Characteristics of Latent Roots -- 4.4.3 Root Growth Subject to Little Mechanical Stress -- 4.4.4 Root Growth Subject to Mechanical Stress (Except Buttress Roots) -- 4.4.5 Structural Changes Caused by the Exposure of Roots -- 4.4.6 Structural Changes Caused by the Burial of Shoots -- 4.4.7 Sprout and Root Formation in Stems and Roots (Latent and Adventitious Sprouts/Roots) -- CH5 Modificat Summary "The main aim of this book is to show the hidden ecological richness in stems and roots from trees, shrubs and herbs. It should encourage researchers to consider the anatomic microcosm of woody plants and use it as a retrospective source of information, solving problems related to ecophysiology, climate, stand dynamic, site conditions, population biology, earth science, wood quality and even human history."--Jacket Analysis bosbouw forestry plantenecologie plant ecology plantenfysiologie plant physiology bomen trees houttechnologie wood technology levenswetenschappen life sciences Biology (General) Biologie (algemeen) Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Notes Print version record In Springer e-books Subject Wood -- Anatomy. Dendrochronology. Trees -- Ecophysiology dendrochronology. SCIENCE -- Life Sciences -- Evolution. Dendrochronology. Trees -- Ecophysiology. Wood -- Anatomy. Biomédecine. Sciences de la vie. Dendrochronology Trees -- Ecophysiology Wood -- Anatomy Träd. Form Electronic book ISBN 9783540485483 3540485481 9783540482994 3540482997 6610938008 9786610938001

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