Title Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions : Toward a Better Understanding of the Ecological Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion

Published Washington : National Academies Press, 1981

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Description 1 online resource (280 pages) Contents Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: -- Copyright -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- THE FOSSIL FUEL SCENARIO: THE PROBABILITY OF A CRISIS IN THE BIOSPHERE -- THIS REPORT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 2. Scientific Understanding of Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions: a Historical Overview -- HUMAN ALTERATIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE -- ENERGY AND AIR POLLUTION -- 3 Biogenic Emissions to the Atmosphere -- NITROGEN -- Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Aquatic Ecosystems -- SULFUR -- Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Aquatic Ecosystems TRACE METALSATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM BURNING OF NATURAL BIOMASS -- NATURAL ORGANIC PRODUCTS -- SUMMARY -- 4 Anthropogenic Sources of Atmospheric Substances -- PATTERNS OF FOSSIL FUEL USE -- ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUEL BURNING -- Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen -- Trace Metals -- Organic Compounds -- SUMMARY -- 5. Atmospheric Transport, Transformation, and Deposition Processes -- TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION -- TRANSFORMATIONS -- Oxidation Reactions in the Atmosphere -- Reduction Reactions in the Biosphere -- Organic Compounds -- DEPOSITION Wet Deposition ProcessesDry Deposition Processes -- RESIDENCE TIMES FOR SUBSTANCES IN THE ATMOSPHERE -- Monitoring and Data Needs -- SUMMARY -- 6 Biological Accumulation and Effect of Atmospheric Contaminants -- ACCUMULATION IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS -- ACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS -- ACCUMULATION IN SOILS AND AQUATIC SEDIMENTS -- Aquatic Sediments as Historical Records -- TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOILS AND WATERS -- TRANSFER OF SUBSTANCES FROM TERRESTRIAL TO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS -- POLLUTANTS AND INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS Toxicity of Deposited Substances to OrganismsTerrestrial Ecosystems -- Aquatic Ecosystems -- Interactions Among Pollutants or Between Pollutants and other Stresses -- Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Aquatic Ecosystems -- Resistance to Pollutants -- Past Efforts to Predict Widespread Toxic Effects -- SUMMARY -- 7. Studying the Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Ecosystems -- PREDICTING ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS -- HIGHLY SENSITIVE ORGANISMS AS EARLY INDICATORS -- COMMON RESPONSES OF ECOSYSTEMS TO STRESS -- NATURAL RECORDS OF POLLUTION MONITORING LARGE-SCALE POLLUTIONSUMMARY -- 8. Acid Precipitaton -- CAUSES OF ACID PRECIPITATION -- Extent of the Problem -- EFFECTS OF ACID ON THE BIOSPHERE -- Aquatic Ecosystems -- Chemical Changes -- Biological Changes -- Terrestrial Ecosystems -- Vegetation -- Soils -- Wetlands -- ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- AMELIORATION -- SUMMARY -- Appendix Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- References -- Index Notes English Print version record Subject Air -- Environmental aspects -- Pollution Fossil fuels -- Environmental aspects Fossil fuels -- Environmental aspects Form Electronic book ISBN 9780309554213 0309554217 0309031966 9780309031967

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