A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitoridectomy, and infibulation. It is associated with severe health risks and has been declared illegal in many places, but continues to be widely practiced in a number of countries, particularly in Africa
Here are entered works on traditional practices that involve surgery of the external female genital organs and that may vary in extent from simple cutting of the clitoral prepuce to total excision of the clitoris and parts of the labia