| Description |
1 online resource (xxxiii, 276 pages) : color illustrations |
| Series |
Middle East and North Africa development report |
|
MENA development report
|
| Contents |
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Introduction -- MENA's Track Record: A Need for More Socially Inclusive Growth -- How Does This Report Measure Informality? -- Framework for the Report -- Realm 1: Informality and Entrepreneur-Worker Relations -- Realm 2: Informality and the Tax System -- Realm 3: Informality and Market Conditions -- Guiding Principles for Moving toward Higher, More Socially Inclusive Growth -- Road Map -- Notes -- References |
|
Chapter 1 Why Does Informality Matter? A Framework -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- The Long-Standing Informality Debate -- The Case for Better Understanding Informality -- What We Know and Do Not Know about Informality in MENA -- A Framework for an Institutional Analysis of Informality -- How the Environment Influences Productivity and Growth -- How the Environment Influences Social Protection Coverage, Poverty, and Inequality -- Workers and Firms: Balancing the Costs and Benefits of Formality -- Pilot Countries and Data Sources |
|
Annex 1A: Correlation between Firm Size and Total Factor Productivity -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 MENA's Key Challenges to Boost Living Standards -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Growth, Job Creation, and Poverty Reduction -- Sources of MENA's Growth and Economic Transformation -- An Overview of Labor Markets in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia -- High Rates of Informal Employment -- Conclusion -- Annex 2A: Regional Poverty Estimates, 2000-18 -- Annex 2B: Shapley Decomposition of Changes in Value Added per Capita -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 The Case of Tunisia -- Key Messages |
|
Introduction -- Overview of the Tunisian Labor Market -- Realm 1: Entrepreneur-Worker Relations -- Contributory Social Insurance Regimes -- Contributory Regimes for Salaried Workers -- Social Protection, Informality, and Poverty -- Realm 2: Taxes and Transfers -- Personal Income Tax -- Realm 3: Market Conditions -- Registration Procedures and Costs -- Competition in the Product Market -- Conclusion -- Annex 3A: Statistics on Public, Private Formal, and Private Informal Workers -- Annex 3B: Additional Statistics -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 The Case of Morocco -- Key Messages |
|
Introduction -- Overview of the Moroccan Labor Market -- Realm 1: Entrepreneur-Worker Relations -- Realm 2: Taxes and Transfers -- Overview of the Tax System -- Personal Income Tax -- Corporate Income Tax -- Value Added Tax -- Realm 3: Market Conditions -- Conclusion -- Annex 4A: Additional Statistics -- Annex 4B: Key Findings from Conversations with Moroccan Employees, Own-Account Workers, and Employers -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 The Case of the Arab Republic of Egypt -- Key Messages -- Introduction -- Overview of the Egyptian Labor Market -- Realm 1: Entrepreneur-Worker Relations -- Realm 2: Taxation |
| Summary |
The long-standing informality debate in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has taken on a new urgency as it looks for a pathway to more socially inclusive growth that is less reliant on fossil fuels. This is occurring against a backdrop of subpar labor market outcomes, further growth setbacks, and deteriorating fiscal and current account deficits in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic-- and in the wake of high inflation and supply chain disruptions triggered by the Russian Federation-Ukraine war. This publication aims to better understand the characteristics and incentive structure that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in three MENA countries-- the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The report breaks new ground by adopting a comprehensive perspective to focus on the features of, and interrelationships among, different aspects of these countries' institutional landscapes to make sense of the complex incentive structure that workers and firms face when deciding between formal and informal options. Specifically, the report groups these issues in three broad realms: (1) entrepreneur-worker relations, (2) taxes and transfers, and (3) market conditions |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Description based on resource, viewed September 7, 2023 |
| Subject |
Informal sector (Economics) -- Egypt
|
|
Informal sector (Economics) -- Africa, North
|
|
Economic development -- Egypt
|
|
Economic development -- Africa, North
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
Ranzani, Marco, 1979- author
|
|
Sinha, Nistha, author
|
|
Elsheikhi, Adam, author
|
| LC no. |
2023910917 |
| ISBN |
9781464819896 |
|
1464819890 |
|
