| Description |
1 online resource (267 pages) |
| Contents |
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Authors; 1. Introduction; Scientific Method; Analytical Methods; Documents; Document Examiners; Qualifications and Training; Objects of This Book; Literature on Document Examination; Books; Journals; Research and Development; References; 2. Handwriting: The Variations between Normal Writings; Introduction; Variations in Writing; Block Capital Writing; Methods of Construction; Determination of Pen Movement; Ink Lines; Striations; Proportion of Letters; Proportions of Letters within Words; Numerals |
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Cursive WritingDevelopment of Cursive Writing; Interpersonal Differences; Methods of Construction and Proportion of Individual Letters; Variations within Words; Disconnected Script; Signatures; Layout; Variations within the Writings of One Person; Use of Different Letter Forms by One Writer; Personal and Style Characteristics; The Significance of Variations between Writers; Spelling Mistakes, Text Analysis, and Other Variables; Non-Roman Scripts; Classification of Handwritings; Pattern Recognition Techniques; References; Further Reading; 3. Handwriting: Accidental and Deliberate Modification |
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IntroductionAccidental Variation of Handwriting; Writing Instruments; Writing Position; Health of Writer; Guided Hand Signatures; Drugs and Alcohol; Impairment of Vision; Deliberate Variation of Handwriting; Disguised Writings; Difficulties of Disguising Writing; Disguised Signatures; Simulated Writings; Freehand Simulation; Slowly Made Simulations; Simulations of Poorly Made Signatures; Coincidental Matches and Signatures; Rapidly Made Simulations; Traced Signatures; Introduction of Features of the Copier; References; Further Reading |
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4. Handwriting: The Purposes and Principles of Scientific ExaminationIntroduction; Amateur Experts; Scientific Method; Other Aspects of Forensic Science; Comparison of Handwriting; Consideration of Similarities; The Possibility of Chance Match; The Possibility of Simulation; Subjectivity; Common Authorship; Qualified Conclusions; Limited Populations; Consideration of Differences; Consistent Differences; Other Reasons for Differences; Similarities with Differences; Disguise; Simulation; Simulations or Ill Health; Traced Writings; Identification of the Writer of Simulations |
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Inconclusive ExaminationsComplexities of Handwriting Comparisons; Inconsistent Known Writings; Complex Cases; Multiple Suspects; Reproduced Writing; Unfamiliar Scripts; Statements; Expressing Conclusions; Qualified Conclusions; Scales of Conclusions; Clarity of Expression; Quality; References; Further Reading; 5. Handwriting: The Collection of Samples; Introduction; Known Writings; Request Specimens; Like with Like; Adequate Material; Taking of Samples; Avoidance of Disguise; Samples of Writing of the Target Writer; Course of Business Writings; Sources; Signatures |
| Summary |
Revised and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field, The Scientific Examination of Documents, Fourth Edition is a handy, accessible volume detailing current best-practices for forensic document examination. Since the first edition published in 1989, there have been drastic changes in the field of forensic document examination--both from the use of the analytic techniques available to the professional examiner--and the changes to technology in office and printing equipment and inks. The purpose of analyzing any material used in the production of a questioned document, such as an ink or a piece of paper, is to compare it with another material elsewhere in the questioned document itself--or on another document--to determine whether or not they share a common origin. There may also be a need to provide information for the investigator about the possible origins of the document |
| Notes |
Verification of Course-of-Business Writings |
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Print version record |
| Subject |
Writing -- Identification.
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Legal documents -- Identification.
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Legal documents -- Identification
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Writing -- Identification
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Ellen, David
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Davies, Christopher
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| ISBN |
9780429959332 |
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0429959338 |
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