Nitrous oxide and the endogenous opioid system -- Nitrous oxide and the dopamine system -- Nitrous oxide and the adrenergic system -- Nitrous oxide and the CYS-loop superfamily systems (GABA, nicotinic acetylcholine, glycine, and serotonin3) -- Nitrous oxide and the glutaminergic system -- Nitrous oxide and voltage-gated ion channels -- Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and neurotransmission -- Clinical applications I : analgesia, anxiolysis, and anaesthesia -- Clinical applications II : treatment of substance abuse