| Description |
1 online resource (x, 184 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
Statistics in practice |
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Statistics in practice.
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| Contents |
Intro -- Weight-of-evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles -- Statistics in Practice -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Weight-of-evidence theory -- 1.2 About the book -- 1.3 DNA profiling technology -- 1.4 What you need to know already -- 1.5 Other resources -- 2 Crime on an island -- 2.1 Warm-up examples -- 2.1.1 Disease testing: Positive Predictive Value (PPV) -- 2.1.2 Coloured taxis -- 2.2 Rare trait identification evidence -- 2.2.1 The "island" problem -- 2.2.2 A first lesson from the island problem -- 2.3 Making the island problem more realistic -- 2.3.1 Uncertainty about p -- 2.3.2 Uncertainty about N -- 2.3.3 Possible typing errors -- 2.3.4 Searches -- 2.3.5 Other evidence -- 2.3.6 Relatives and population subdivision -- 2.4 Weight-of-evidence exercises -- 3 Assessing evidence via likelihood ratios -- 3.1 Likelihood ratios -- 3.2 The weight-of-evidence formula -- 3.2.1 Application to the island problem -- 3.2.2 The population P -- 3.3 General application of the formula -- 3.3.1 Several items of evidence -- 3.3.2 Assessing all the evidence -- 3.3.3 The role of the expert witness -- 3.4 Consequences for DNA evidence -- 3.4.1 Many possible culprits -- 3.4.2 Incorporating the non-DNA evidence -- 3.4.3 Relatives -- 3.4.4 Laboratory and handling errors -- 3.4.5 Database searches -- 3.5 Some derivations â#x80; -- 3.5.1 Bayes theorem for identification evidence -- 3.5.2 Uncertainty about p and N -- 3.5.3 Grouping the alternative possible culprits -- 3.5.4 Typing errors -- 3.6 Further weight-of-evidence exercises -- 4 Typing technologies -- 4.1 STR typing -- 4.1.1 Anomalies -- 4.1.2 Contamination -- 4.1.3 Low copy number (LCN) profiling -- 4.2 mtDNA typing -- 4.3 Y-chromosome markers -- 4.4 X-chromosome markers â#x80; -- 4.5 SNP profiles -- 4.6 Fingerprints â#x80; -- 5 Some population genetics for DNA evidence -- 5.1 A brief overview -- 5.1.1 Drift |
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5.1.2 Mutation -- 5.1.3 Migration -- 5.1.4 Selection -- 5.2 θ, or F(ST) -- 5.3 A statistical model and sampling formula -- 5.3.1 Diallelic loci -- 5.3.2 Multi-allelic loci -- 5.4 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium -- 5.4.1 Testing for deviations from HWE â#x80; -- 5.4.2 Interpretation of test results -- 5.5 Linkage equilibrium -- 5.6 Coancestry â#x80; -- 5.7 Likelihood-based estimation of θ â#x80; -- 5.8 Population genetics exercises -- 6 Identification -- 6.1 Choosing the hypotheses -- 6.1.1 Post-data equivalence of hypotheses -- 6.2 Calculating likelihood ratios -- 6.2.1 The match probability -- 6.2.2 One locus -- 6.2.3 Multiple loci: the "product rule" -- 6.2.4 Relatives of s -- 6.2.5 Confidence limits â#x80; -- 6.2.6 Other profiled individuals -- 6.3 Application to STR profiles -- 6.3.1 Values for the p(j) -- 6.3.2 The value of θ -- 6.3.3 Errors -- 6.4 Application to haploid profiles -- 6.4.1 mtDNA profiles -- 6.4.2 Y-chromosome markers -- 6.5 Mixtures -- 6.5.1 Visual interpretation of mixed profiles -- 6.5.2 Likelihood ratios under qualitative interpretation -- 6.5.3 Quantitative interpretation of mixtures -- 6.6 Identification exercises -- 7 Relatedness -- 7.1 Paternity -- 7.1.1 Weight of evidence for paternity -- 7.1.2 Prior probabilities -- 7.1.3 Calculating likelihood ratios -- 7.1.4 Multiple loci: the effect of linkage -- 7.1.5 s may be related to c but is not the father -- 7.1.6 Incest -- 7.1.7 Mother unavailable -- 7.1.8 Mutation -- 7.2 Other relatedness between two individuals -- 7.2.1 Only the two individuals profiled -- 7.2.2 Profiled individual close relative of target -- 7.2.3 Profiles of known relatives also available â#x80; -- 7.3 Software for relatedness analyses -- 7.4 Inference of ethnicity or phenotype â#x80; -- 7.5 Relatedness exercises -- 8 Other approaches to weight of evidence -- 8.1 Uniqueness -- 8.1.1 Analysis -- 8.1.2 Discussion |
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8.2 Inclusion/exclusion probabilities -- 8.2.1 Random man -- 8.2.2 Inclusion probability of a typing system -- 8.2.3 Case-specific inclusion probability -- 8.3 Hypothesis testing â#x80; -- 8.4 Other exercises -- 9 Issues for the courtroom -- 9.1 Bayesian reasoning in court -- 9.2 Some fallacies -- 9.2.1 The prosecutor's fallacy -- 9.2.2 The defendant's fallacy -- 9.2.3 The uniqueness fallacy -- 9.3 Some UK appeal cases -- 9.3.1 Deen (1993) -- 9.3.2 Dalby (1995) -- 9.3.3 Adams (1996) -- 9.3.4 Doheny/Adams (1996) -- 9.3.5 Watters (2000) -- 9.4 US National Research Council reports -- 9.5 Prosecutor's fallacy exercises -- 10 Solutions to exercises -- Bibliography -- Index |
| Summary |
Assessing Weight-of-Evidence for DNA Profiles is an excellent introductory text to the use of statistical analysis for assessing DNA evidence. Â It offers practical guidance to forensic scientists with little dependence on mathematical ability as the book includes background information on statistics - including likelihood ratios - population genetics, and courtroom issues. The author, who is highly experienced in this field, has illustrated the book throughout with his own experiences as well as providing a theoretical underpinning to the subject. Â It is an ideal choice for forensic scientists and lawyers, as well as statisticians and population geneticists with an interest in forensic science and DNA |
| Analysis |
Andre fag (naturvidenskab og teknik) Andre fag |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references (175-181) and index |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Forensic genetics -- Statistical methods
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MEDICAL -- Forensic Medicine.
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Forensic genetics -- Statistical methods
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Dna (análise)
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Genética (legislação)
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Estatística.
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Responsabilidade penal.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| ISBN |
9780470867693 |
|
0470867698 |
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0470867663 |
|
9780470867662 |
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9786610272112 |
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6610272115 |
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