| Description |
1 online resource (xvi, 521 pages) : illustrations (some color), maps |
| Series |
Conservation biology ; 18 |
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Conservation biology series (Cambridge, England) ; 18
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| Contents |
Cover -- Ecology and Conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1: Introduction -- THE SIRENIA -- POPULATION SIZES AND TRENDS -- HUMAN-SIRENIAN INTERACTIONS -- OBJECTIVES OF THI S BOOK -- 2: Steller's sea cow -- INTRODUCTION -- GEORG WILHELM STELLER AND THE VOYAGE OF THE ST PETER -- DISCOVERY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SEA COW BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY -- EXTIRPATION OF STELLER'S SEA COW -- MODERN INVESTIGATIONS AND SPECULATIONS ON SEA COW BIOLOGY -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3: Affinities, origins and diversity of the Sirenia through time -- INTRODUCTION -- PROPOSED AFFINITIES AND PLACEMENTS OF THE SIRENIA BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY -- PAENUNGULATA AND TETHYTHERIA -- AFFINITIES OF THE SIRENIA BASED ON MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSES: THE AFROTHERIA -- Preliminary molecular and biochemical studies of sirenian affinities -- Genetic and cytogenetic evidence of sirenian affinities within the Superorder Afrotheria -- DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTERS OF THE EARLIEST SIRENIA AND THEIR CLOSEST RELATIVES -- THE FOSSIL SIRENIA -- The Prorastomidae and Pezosiren: the quadrupedal sirenians -- The Protosirenidae -- The Dugongidae -- Halitheriinae -- Dugonginae -- Hydrodamalinae -- The Trichechidae -- Miosireninae -- Trichechinae -- Molecular genetics suggests additional complexities in manatee evolution -- SIRENIAN DIVERSITY THROUGH TIME: ECOLOGY OF CO-EXISTING SPECIES AND SERIAL REPLACEMENTS -- Premises about the ecological and evolutionary capacities of sirenians -- Co-existing species and serial replacements in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Eocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Oligocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Miocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean |
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Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Arabian/Persian Gulf -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Indian subcontinent and Andaman and Nicobar Islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Continental East and South-east Asia, including the coastal islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- East and South-east Asia: major archipelagoes -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Australia -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Western Pacific islands -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- AMAZONIAN MANATEE -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- WEST INDIAN MANATEE -- Florida manatee -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Antillean manatee -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- WEST AFRICAN MANATEE -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- 9: Conservation opportunities -- PROBLEM RECOGNITION AND DEFINITION -- REGULATORY TOOLS AND PROCESSES FOR CONSERVING SIRENIANS -- Legal protection -- Enforcement -- Aquatic protected areas -- ENABLING TOOLS AND PROCESSES FOR CONSERVING SIRENIANS -- Education and awareness -- Community partnerships -- Cross-species initiatives -- Flagship species -- Reinforcement of cultural protocols -- Research -- Stock assessment -- Managing for multiple threats -- Spatial management of the risks to sirenians: a practical approach to conservation -- Adaptive management -- Monitoring -- Economic tools -- OPPORTUNISM AND CREATIVITY |
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Contemporary uses -- Contemporary commercial values -- International trade -- INCIDENTAL CAPTURE IN FISHING GEAR -- INTERACTIONS WITH VESSELS -- Impacts of watercraft on Florida manatees -- Management actions to reduce impacts of boats on Florida manatees -- Indirect effects of vessel traffic on sirenians -- COLD STRESS -- Cold stress syndrome in manatees -- Loss of warm-water refugia in Florida -- INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MACROPARASITES -- Die-offs due to disease -- Viral diseases -- Bacterial diseases -- Mycotic (fungal) infections -- Protozoal diseases -- Macroparasites and commensals -- Other pathological conditions -- Application of modern diagnostic tools for health assessments -- CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS -- Persistent organic contaminants -- Toxic elements, herbicides and oil -- HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS AND BIOTOXINS -- Harmful algal blooms and marine mammals -- Karenia brevis red tides and Florida manatees -- Dinoflagellates and dugongs -- GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE -- MISCELLANEOUS THREATS AND SOURCES OF MORTALITY -- LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY -- INCREASING HUMAN POPULATIONS AND HABIT AT LOSS -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 8: Conservation status: Criteria, methods and an assessment of the extant species of Sirenia -- CRITERIA FOR DESIGNATING CONSERVATION STATUS -- METHODS FOR GENERATING THE DATA FOR A STATUS ASSESSMENT -- Estimating abundance -- Aerial survey techniques -- Mark-recapture techniques -- Estimating population trends -- Estimating the percentage of mature individuals -- Estimating generation length -- Assessing the status of individual sirenians -- STATUS ASSESSMENTS OF THE EXTANT SIRENIANS -- International conservation conventions -- Capacity for implementation -- DUGONG -- East Africa -- Population size and trends -- Threats -- Conservation actions -- Assessment -- Red Sea and Gulf of Aden -- Population size and trends -- Threats |
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HABITAT USE AND HABITAT COMPONENTS -- Multivariate habitat use studies -- Forage -- Salinity and access to fresh water -- Water temperature -- Availability of quiet or sheltered areas -- Seasonal rainfall -- Tidal cycles -- Rough water -- Wilderness and anthropogenic change -- CONCLUSIONS -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- 6: Life history, reproductive biology and population dynamics -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Potential sampling biases -- Carcass studies -- Longitudinal studies -- Captive animals -- Differences in knowledge about the species -- AGE ESTIMATION -- Methods -- LIFE SPAN -- EXTERNAL SEXUAL DIMORPHISM -- REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES -- The ovarian cycle -- The testicular cycle -- SEXUAL MATURITY -- Criteria of sexual maturity -- Assessment of sexual maturity in females -- Size at attainment of sexual maturity in females -- Age at attainment of sexual maturity in females -- Assessment of sexual maturity in males -- Size at attainment of sexual maturity in males -- Age at attainment of sexual maturity in males -- PREGNANCY AND BIRTH -- Length of gestation -- Litter size, sex ratio and size at birth -- CALF DEPENDENCY -- CALVING INTERVALS -- REPRODUCTIVE RATES -- TIMING OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY IN MATURE SIRENIANS -- Seasonality of reproduction in females -- Seasonality of reproduction in males -- Tendency to delay reproduction in adverse conditions -- Evidence of reproductive senescence -- SURVIVAL -- Methods -- Survival in Florida manatees -- ASSESSING POPULATION DYNAMICS THROUGH MODELLING OF LIFE HISTORY PARAMETERS -- LIFE HISTORY OF THE SIRENIA: COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- 7: Threats -- INTRODUCTION -- HUNTING -- Prehistoric and pre-European contact exploitation -- Commercial exploitation -- Contemporary legal hunting -- Poaching -- Contemporary hunting methods |
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Pliocene sirenians in the Caribbean Sea and western Atlantic Ocean -- Co-existing species and serial replacements in the North Pacific Ocean -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 4: Feeding biology -- OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY -- FEEDING STYLE -- FOODS -- Methodology -- Dugongs -- Amazonian manatee -- West Indian manatee -- West African manatee -- FOOD ATTRIBUTES -- Plant biomass and productivity -- Food quality -- Nitrogen and protein -- Water-soluble carbohydrates and starch -- Structural carbohydrate and fibre -- Secondary compounds -- Minerals -- Water content -- In vitro dry matter digestibility -- FOOD ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING -- Food acquisition -- Mastication -- Digestion -- Food consumption -- SIRENIAN-PLANT INTERACTIONS -- Effects on the food plant community -- Microbial processes and detritus -- Plant biomass and productivity -- Plant community structure and composition -- Food quality -- Benthic animals -- Recovery of plant communities -- Feeding optimisation? -- Competition with green turtles -- Manatees and aquatic weed clearance -- COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW AND IMPLI CATIONS FOR CONSERVATION -- SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- NOTE -- 5: Behaviour and habitat use -- INTRODUCTION -- INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR -- Sensation and perception -- Audition -- Tactile senses -- Vision -- Chemoreception -- Orientation and navigation -- Swimming and diving -- Locomotion -- Respiration and diving -- Activity patterns and time budgets -- Long-distance movement patterns and migrations -- Dugong movements -- Florida manatee movements -- Antillean, Amazonian and West African manatee movements -- Anti-predator behaviour and habitat use -- SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR -- Group sizes and composition -- Mating systems and mating behaviour -- Cavorting, play and other social behaviours -- Mother-infant behaviour -- Vocal communication -- Evidence for matrilineal use of space |
| Summary |
A synthesis of the ecological and related knowledge pertinent to understanding the biology and conservation of dugongs and manatees |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Subject |
Sirenia -- Conservation
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Sirenia -- Ecology
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Sirenia.
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Sirenia.
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
O'Shea, Thomas J.
|
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Reynolds, John Elliott, 1952-
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| LC no. |
2011008024 |
| ISBN |
1139157116 |
|
9781139157117 |
|
