Title Atmospheric rivers / F. Martin Ralph, Michael D. Dettinger, Jonathan J. Rutz, Duane E. Waliser, editors

Published Cham, Switzerland : Springer, [2020]

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Description 1 online resource (xlii, 252 pages) : illustrations (some color), charts (some color) Contents Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Contributors -- 1: Introduction to Atmospheric Rivers -- 1.1 A Brief History of AR Science -- 1.1.1 The 1970s -- 1.1.2 The 1980s -- 1.1.3 The 1990s -- 1.1.4 The 2000s -- AR Impacts: Precipitation, Flooding, and Water Supply -- 1.1.5 2010 and Beyond -- The California AR Observation Network -- The Forecasting Challenge -- AR Duration Found to Help Modulate AR Impacts -- 1.1.6 ARs and Global Climate Change -- 1.2 Structure of This Book -- References -- 2: Structure, Process, and Mechanism 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Structure of ARs -- 2.2.1 Definition of the Term "Atmospheric River" -- 2.2.2 Water Vapor Transport and the Vertical and Horizontal Structure of ARs -- Direct Observations of Water Vapor Transport -- Observations of Vertical and Horizontal Structure -- Representativeness of Airborne Observations and Typical Range of Key Characteristics -- 2.3 WCBs and TMEs and Their Relationship to ARs -- 2.3.1 Concepts of TMEs, ARs, and WCBs -- 2.3.2 Climatologies -- 2.3.3 Linkages Among the Three Feature Categories -- 2.3.4 Summary -- 2.4 Water Vapor Transport in ARs 2.4.1 Moisture Budget During the AR Life Cycle -- 2.4.2 Horizontal and Vertical Moisture Transport and AR Maintenance -- 2.4.3 Methods for Obtaining an AR Water Budget -- 2.4.4 Conclusions, Implications, and Future Directions -- 2.5 ARs and Extratropical Dynamics -- 2.5.1 Mid-Latitude Storm Track and Cyclogenesis -- 2.5.2 Mid-Latitude Cyclones and ARs -- 2.5.3 Linking Extratropical Dynamics to Hydrometeorological Effects -- 2.5.4 Summary -- 2.6 A Case Study Example -- References -- 3: Observing and Detecting Atmospheric Rivers -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Satellite Observations of ARs 3.2.1 Microwave Radiometry: SSM/I -- 3.2.2 Radio Occultation: COSMIC -- 3.2.3 Satellite-Based Cloud and Precipitation Radars: CloudSat and GPM -- 3.3 AR Observatories -- 3.3.1 AR Characteristics Not Readily Observed Using Traditional Meteorological Methods -- The Low-Level Jet and the "Controlling Layer" -- Temporal and Horizontal Spatial Scales of ARs Relative to the Operational Radiosonde Network -- Summary of the Gaps -- 3.3.2 ARO Instrumentation -- Doppler Wind Profilers -- Surface Meteorology Towers -- Global Positioning System/Meterology (GPS/ MET) 3.3.3 The ARO Water Vapor Flux Tool -- 3.3.4 The US West Coast ARO "Picket Fence" -- 3.4 Network Observations: Monitoring ARs over California -- 3.4.1 AR Observatories (AROs) -- 3.4.2 Snow-Level Radar -- 3.4.3 Integrated Water Vapor (GPS/MET) -- 3.4.4 Soil Moisture -- 3.5 Field Campaigns and Experiments -- 3.5.1 CALJET -- 3.5.2 PACJET -- 3.5.3 HMT -- 3.5.4 Ghost Nets -- 3.5.5 CalWater-1 -- 3.5.6 WISPAR -- 3.5.7 CalWater-2 -- 3.5.8 ENRR and SHOUT -- 3.5.9 NAWDEX -- 3.5.10 AR Reconnaissance Summary This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research--and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers Bibliography Includes bibliographical references and index Subject Atmospheric circulation. Atmospheric waves. Dynamic meteorology. Water vapor, Atmospheric. Earth sciences. Hydrology & the hydrosphere. Climate change. Meteorology & climatology. Geophysics. Science -- Earth Sciences -- Meteorology & Climatology. Science -- Earth Sciences -- Hydrology. Science -- Global Warming & Climate Change. Science -- Environmental Science. Science -- Geophysics. Water vapor, Atmospheric Dynamic meteorology Atmospheric waves Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric science Climatic changes Geophysics Hydrology Meteorology Genre/Form technical reports. environmental impact statements. Technical reports. Environmental impact statements. Rapports techniques. Études d'impact environnemental. Form Electronic book Author Ralph, F. Martin. ISBN 9783030289065 3030289060

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