Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Part I: General Concepts and Photoelectrochemical Systems; 1 Photoelectrochemical Reaction Engineering for Solar Fuels Production; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Undeveloped Power of Renewables; 1.1.2 Comparison Solar Hydrogen from Different Sources; 1.1.3 Economic Targets for Hydrogen Production and PEC Systems; 1.1.4 Goals of Using Hydrogen; 1.2 Theory and Classification of PEC Systems; 1.2.1 Classification Framework for PEC Cell Conceptual Design; 1.2.2 Classification Framework for Design of PEC Devices
1.2.3 Integrated Device vs PV + Electrolysis1.3 Scaling Up of PEC Reactors; 1.4 Reactor Designs; 1.5 System-Level Design; 1.6 Outlook; 1.6.1 Future Reactor Designs; 1.6.1.1 Perforated Designs; 1.6.1.2 Membrane-Less and Microfluidic Designs; 1.6.1.3 Redox-Mediated Systems; 1.6.2 Avenues for Future Research; 1.6.2.1 Intensification and Waste Heat Utilization; 1.6.2.2 Usefulness of Oxidation and Coupled Process with Hydrogen Generation; 1.7 Summary and Conclusions; References; 2 The Measurements and Efficiency Definition Protocols in Photoelectrochemical Solar Hydrogen Generation
2.1 Introduction2.2 PEC Measurement; 2.2.1 Measurements of Optical Properties; 2.2.2 Polarization Curve Measurements; 2.2.3 Photocurrent Transients Measurements; 2.2.4 IPCE and APCE Measurements; 2.2.5 Mott-Schottky Measurements; 2.2.6 Measurement (Calculation) of Charge Separation Efficiency; 2.2.7 Measurements of Charge Injection Efficiency; 2.2.8 Gas Evolution Measurements; 2.3 The Efficiency Definition Protocols in PEC Water Splitting; 2.3.1 Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency; 2.3.2 Applied Bias Photon-to-Current Efficiency; 2.3.3 IPCE and APCE; 2.4 Summary; References
3 Photoelectrochemical Cell: A Versatile Device for Sustainable Hydrogen Production3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Photoelctrochemical (PEC) Cells; 3.2.1 Solar-to-Hydrogen (STH) Conversion Efficiency; 3.2.2 Applied Bias Photon-to-Current Efficiency (ABPE); 3.2.3 External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) or Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiency (IPCE); 3.2.4 Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) or a Absorbed Photon-to-Current Efficiency (APCE); 3.3 Monometal Oxide Systems for PEC H2 Generation; 3.3.1 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2); 3.3.2 Zinc Oxide (ZnO); 3.3.3 Tungsten Oxide (WO3); 3.3.4 Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
3.3.5 Bismuth Vandate (BiVO4)3.4 Complex Nanostructures for PEC Splitting of Water; 3.4.1 Plasmonic Metal Semiconductor Composite Photoelectrodes; 3.4.2 Semiconductor Heterojunctions; 3.4.3 Quantum Dots Sensitized Semiconductor Photoelectrodes; 3.4.4 Synergistic Effect in Semiconductor Photoelectrodes; 3.4.5 Biosensitized Semiconductor Photoelectrodes; 3.4.6 Tandem Stand-Alone PEC Water-Splitting Device; 3.5 Conclusion and Outlook; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Hydrogen Generation from Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting; 4.1 Introduction
Notes
4.2 Principle of Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Hydrogen Generation
