Title Diplomacy in Black and White : John Adams, Toussaint Louverture, and Their Atlantic World Alliance

Published Athens ; London : The University of Georgia Press, 2014

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Description 1 online resource (xv, 241 pages) : illustrations, maps, portraits Series Race in the Atlantic world, 1700-1900 Race in the Atlantic world, 1700-1900. Contents Introduction. The Atlantic World: "An Ocean of Uncertainty" -- One. Saint-Dominguan Revolution: "We Can and Must Do Something There" -- Two. U.S. Involvement: "Even South Carolinians Voted for It" -- Three. Edward Stevens: "Our Minister to Toussaint" -- Four. Dominguan-American Diplomacy: "So Natural" -- Five. Allied Command: "Willing to Serve General Toussaint" -- Six. The United States and Hispaniola: "On a Permanent and Advantageous Footing" -- Seven . After Adams and Louverture: "Great Changes Likely to Take Place." Summary "From 1798 to 1801, during the Haitian Revolution, President John Adams and Toussaint Louverture forged diplomatic relations that empowered white Americans to embrace freedom and independence for people of color in Saint-Domingue. The United States supported the Dominguan revolutionaries with economic assistance and arms and munitions; the conflict was also the U.S. Navy's first military action on behalf of a foreign ally. This cross-cultural cooperation was of immense and strategic importance as it helped to bring forth a new nation: Haiti. Diplomacy in Black and White is the first book on the Adams-Louverture alliance. Historian and former diplomat Ronald Angelo Johnson details the aspirations of the Americans and Dominguans--two revolutionary peoples--and how they played significant roles in a hostile Atlantic world. Remarkably, leaders of both governments established multiracial relationships amid environments dominated by slavery and racial hierarchy. And though U.S.-Dominguan diplomacy did not end slavery in the United States, it altered Atlantic world discussions of slavery and race well into the twentieth century. Diplomacy in Black and White reflects the capacity of leaders from disparate backgrounds to negotiate political and societal constraints to make lives better for the groups they represent. Adams and Louverture brought their peoples to the threshold of a lasting transracial relationship. And their shared history reveals the impact of decisions made by powerful people at pivotal moments. But in the end, a permanent alliance failed to emerge, and instead, the two republics born of revolution took divergent paths"-- Provided by publisher "This will be the first monograph-length study of U.S. diplomacy toward Saint-Domingue during the Adams administration. The book offers a detailed examination of the relationship between U.S. President John Adams and Toussaint Louverture, military commander of the French colony Saint-Domingue. Ronald Johnson presents the complex history of the bilateral relations between these two Atlantic leaders representing the first diplomatic relationship the United States had with a government of black leaders. Over the course of seven chapters, Johnson looks beyond the diplomacy itself to find the long lasting effects it had on the evolving meanings of race, the struggles over emancipation, and the formation of an African identity in the Atlantic world. Johnson argues that this brief moment of cross-cultural cooperation, while not changing racial traditions immediately, helped to set the stage for incremental changes in American and Atlantic world discussions of race well into the twentieth-century. Diplomacy in Black and White suggests that President John Adams and his administration abetted the idea of independence for people of color on the island of Hispaniola. This proposal represents an interpretative shift in the historiography. The book illuminates U.S. diplomacy in Saint-Domingue to explain how Americans and Dominguans worked together as relatively equal partners, occupying a similar position within a volatile Atlantic context"-- Provided by publisher Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (pages 209-232) and index Notes Print version record and online resource; title from PDF title page (EBSCOhost eBook Collection, viewed Septemer 5, 2014) Subject Adams, John, 1735-1826. Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803. SUBJECT Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 Adams, John, 1735-1826 Adams, John, 1735-1826 fast Toussaint Louverture, 1743-1803 fast Adams, John 1735-1826 gnd Toussaint Louverture, François Dominique 1743-1803 gnd Subject Black people -- Race identity -- Atlantic Ocean Region POLITICAL SCIENCE -- Government -- International. POLITICAL SCIENCE -- International Relations -- General. HISTORY -- Revolutionary. Black people -- Race identity Diplomatic relations Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) Race relations Außenpolitik Diplomatie SUBJECT United States -- Foreign relations -- Haiti Haiti -- Foreign relations -- United States Haiti -- History -- Revolution, 1791-1804 -- Influence Atlantic Ocean Region -- Race relations -- History -- 19th century Subject Atlantic Ocean Region Haiti United States Hispaniola USA Genre/Form dissertations. History Academic theses. Thèses et écrits académiques. Form Electronic book ISBN 9780820346328 0820346322 1306117623 9781306117623

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