| Description |
xli, 563 pages |
| Contents |
Machine derived contents note: Contents -- Preface -- Part I The Organization Of The Body -- Chapter 1 Science and Society 1 -- All living things share basic characteristics 2 -- Living organisms share an evolutionary history 4 -- Life has many levels of organization 6 -- The scientific method helps to gather information and reach -- conclusions 6 -- Inductive and deductive reasoning help solve problems 9 -- Clinical trials follow strict guidelines 10 -- Critical thinking helps us make informed decisions 12 -- ENVIROMENTAL ISSUE: Medicinal Plants and the Shrinking Rainforests 11 -- Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life 15 -- Basic chemistry aids in understanding human biology 16 -- Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons 16 -- Elements combine to form compounds 18 -- Chemical bonds form between the atoms of a compound 19 -- Water is essential to life 21 -- Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the major molecules of life 27 -- Carbohydrates supply energy to cells 27 -- Lipids store energy and form cell membranes 28 -- Proteins provide structure and speed up chemical reactions 30 -- Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA 35 -- SOCIAL ISSUE The Ethics of Radiation Research on Humans 23 -- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE What Is Happening to the Rain? 26 -- Chapter 3 The Cell 40 -- Our cells are highly structured 41 -- Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells 41 -- Cells are very small 41 -- The plasma membrane has diverse functions 41 -- Organelles are specialized compartments within cells 48 -- The cytoskeleton provides support and movement 53 -- Our cells use cellular respiration and fermentation to generate -- Atp 59 -- Cellular respiration requires oxygen 59 -- Fermentation does not require oxygen 61 -- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE Asbestos: The Deadly Miracle Material 54 -- Chapter 4 Body Organization and Homeostasis 67 -- The organization of the human body increases in complexity -- from cells to organ systems 68 -- Groups of similar cells form tissues 68 -- Many tissues are held together by specialized junctions 74 -- Tissues form organs that often work together in organ systems 74 -- Most organs are housed in body cavities that are lined with membranes 75 -- The skin is an organ system 77 -- Skin protects, regulates body temperature, and excretes 77 -- The skin has two layers 78 -- Skin color is determined by pigment and blood flow 79 -- Hair, nails, and glands are skin derivatives 80 -- Skin functions with other organ systems 83 -- Homeostasis maintains relative internal constancy 83 -- Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback mechanisms 83 -- The hypothalamus regulates body temperature 83 -- HEALTH ISSUE Fun in the Sun? 81 -- HEALTH ISSUE Acne: The Misery, the Myths, and the Medications 85 -- Part Ii Control And Coordination Of The Body -- Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 89 -- Bones function in support, movement, protection, storage of -- minerals and fat, and blood cell production 90 -- Bones have a hard outer layer of compact bone surrounding -- spongy bone 90 -- Bone is living tissue 90 -- Most of the skeleton begins as a cartilage model 91 -- Hormones regulate bone growth 92 -- Bone fractures are healed by fibroblasts and osteoblasts 93 -- Bones are continuously remodeled 93 -- The human skeleton has two parts 95 -- The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, vertebral column, -- sternum, and rib cage 95 -- The appendicular skeleton is comprised of the pectoral girdle, -- the pelvic girdle, and the limbs 98 -- Joints are junctures between bones 99 -- Synovial joints permit flexibility 100 -- HEALTH ISSUE Osteoporosis - Fragility and Aging 94 -- Chapter 6 The Muscular System 104 -- The muscular system produces movement and maintains posture 104 -- Most skeletal muscles work in pairs 104 -- Sarcomeres are the contractile units of muscle 104 -- Skeletal muscle contracts when actin filaments -- slide across myosin filaments 106 -- Regulatory proteins and calcium ions control contraction 109 -- Nerves stimulate muscle contraction 109 -- The strength of contraction depends on the number of motor -- units involved 109 -- The strength of contraction increases if a muscle is stimulated -- before it has relaxed 111 -- ATP for muscle contraction comes from many sources 112 -- Slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle cells differ in contraction -- speed and duration 113 -- Aerobic exercise increases endurance; resistance exercise -- builds muscle 113 -- SOCIAL ISSUE Building Muscle, Fair and Square? Anabolic Steroid Abuse 114 -- Chapter 7 Neurons: The Matter of the Mind 118 -- The nervous system has two main parts 119 -- Neurons and neuroglial cells are the cells of the nervous system 119 -- Neuroglial cells support, protect, insulate, and nurture neurons 119 -- Neurons can be sensory, motor, or associative 119 -- Neurons have dendrites, a cell body, and an axon 120 -- Axons and dendrites are bundled together to form nerves 120 -- The myelin sheath increases the rate of conduction and helps in repair 121 -- The nerve impulse is a bioelectrical signal 122 -- Ions move passively through ion channels 122 -- The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to transport sodium ions out and potassium ions in 122 -- The inside of a resting neuron has a negative charge relative to the -- outside 122 -- An action potential is a reversal and restoration of the charge -- difference across the membrane 122 -- The sodium-potassium pump restores the original distribution of ions 124 -- Action potentials are all-or-none events 124 -- A neuron cannot fire during the refractory period 125 -- Synaptic transmission is communication between neurons 125 -- Synaptic transmission involves the release of neurotransmitter and -- the opening of ion channels 126 -- Synapses provide interaction points in the nervous system 127 -- The neurotransmitter is quickly removed from the synapse 127 -- Different neurotransmitters play different roles 127 -- ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE Environmental Toxins and the Nervous System 128 -- Chapter 8 The Nervous System 133 -- The nervous system consists of the central and peripheral -- nervous systems 134 -- Bone, membranes, and cerebrospinal fluid protect the CNS 134 -- The brain is the central command center 136 -- The cerebrum is the conscious part of the brain 136 -- The thalamus allows messages to pass to the cerebral cortex 140 -- The hypothalamus is essential to homeostasis 141 -- The cerebellum is the area of sensory-motor coordination 141 -- The medulla oblongata controls many of life's basic processes 141 -- The pons connects the brain and spinal cord 141 -- The limbic system is involved in emotions and memory 141 -- The reticular activating system filters sensory input 142 -- The spinal cord transmits messages to and from the brain -- and is a reflex center 142 -- The peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic and -- autonomic nervous systems 143 -- The somatic nervous system controls conscious functions 144 -- The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs 144 -- Disorders of the nervous system vary in health significance 145 -- Headaches have several possible causes 145 -- Stroke results when the brain is deprived of blood 146 -- Coma results in lack of response to all sensory input 148 -- Spinal cord injury results in impaired function below the site of injury 148 -- HEALTH ISSUE Meningitis: Bacterial and West Nile Virus 136 -- HEALTH ISSUE To Sleep, Perchance to Dream 147 -- Chapter 8A Special Topic: Drugs and the Mind 152 -- Psychoactive drugs alter communication among neurons 153 -- Drug dependence causes continued drug use 153 -- Alcohol depresses the central nervous system 153 -- The rate of alcohol absorption depends on its concentration 155 -- Alcohol is distributed to all body tissues 155 -- The rate of elimination of alcohol from the body cannot be increased 155 -- Alcohol has many health-related effects 156 -- Marijuana's psychoactive ingredient is THC 158 -- Marijuana binds to THC receptors in the brain 158 -- Long-term marijuana use has many effects on the body 159 -- Marijuana impairs driving ability 159 -- Stimulants excite the central nervous system 160 -- Cocaine augments the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine 160 -- Amphetamines augment the neurotransmitters dopamine and -- norepinephrine 160 -- Caffeine blocks the effects of the inhibitory chemical adenosine 161 -- Hallucinogenic drugs alter sensory perception 161 -- Sedatives depress the central nervous system 162 -- The opiates reduce pain 163 -- Chapter 9 Sensory Systems 164 -- Sensory receptors generate electrochemical messages -- in response to stimuli 165 -- Receptors are specialized to respond to different types -- of stimuli 165 -- Receptors for the general senses are widespread throughout -- the body 166 -- Touch and pressure are detected by receptors in the skin 166 -- Temperature is detected by cold and heat receptors 167 -- Body and limb position are detected by muscle spindles and Golgi -- tendon organs 167 -- Pain is caused by any sufficiently strong stimulus 167 -- Vision depends on the eye 167 -- The eye focuses light on the light-sensitive retina 167 -- The cornea and lens focus the image on the retina 170 -- Light changes the shape of pigment molecules that result -- in neural messages 172 -- Color vision depends on cones 174 -- Hearing depends on the ear 174 -- The ear collects and amplifies sound waves and converts them to -- neural messages 174 -- Variations in the movements of the basilar membrane d |
| Notes |
Includes index |
| Subject |
Human biology.
|
| Author |
McGuire, Betty.
|
|
Wallace, Robert A.
|
| LC no. |
2004017675 |
| ISBN |
0130460206 |
|
