| Description |
1 online resource (vi, 145 pages) : illustrations |
| Series |
BP fire safety series |
|
BP process safety series |
|
BP fire safety series.
|
|
BP process safety series.
|
| Contents |
Machine derived contents note: 1. Introduction to LNG 1 -- 1.1 Brief history of LNG 1 -- 1.2 Basic LNG production and customer flow 1 -- 1.3 LNG import terminal facilities 2 -- 2. LNG properties 3 -- 2.1 LNG composition 3 -- 2.2 Cryogenics 3 -- 2.3 Embrittlement 4 -- 2.4 Heat of vaporization and 'cold burns' 4 -- 2.5 Density and specific gravity 5 -- 2.6 Boiling point and vapour pressure 5 -- 2.7 Changing composition/weathering 6 -- 2.8 LNG flammability limits 7 -- 2.9 Auto ignition temperature and ignition energy 8 -- 3. LNG hazards 9 -- 3.1 Vapour clouds and vapour dispersion 9 -- 3.2 Vapour cloud visibility 9 -- 3.3 Effects of heavy rainfall on LNG 10 -- 3.4 Flash fires 11 -- 3.5 Radiant heat hazards 12 -- 3.6 Explosion hazards 13 -- 3.7 Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion 14 -- 3.8 Rapid phase transformation (RPT) 15 -- 3.9 Tests and experiments RPT's 19 -- 3.10 Rollover 19 -- 3.11 Geysering 20 -- 3.12 Personnel LNG and cryogenic hazards 21 -- 4. Tanks, containment and spill control 23 -- 4.1 Tanks 23 -- 4.2 Aboveground tanks 23 -- 4.3 LNG tank types 23 -- 4.4 Tank instrumentation and alarms 26 -- 4.5 Internal pumps 27 -- 4.6 Power supply to pumps 27 -- 4.7 Leakages into annular space/roof space 27 -- 4.8 Underground storage tank 27 -- 4.9 Insulation 28 -- 4.10 LNG vaporizer units 30 -- 4.11 Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV) 30 -- 4.12 Submerged Combustion Vaporizer (SCV) 30 -- 4.13 Spill control-impoundment/containment 31 -- 4.14 Spill control objectives 32 -- 4.15 Materials 35 -- 4.16 LNG plant basic safety measures 38 -- 4.17 Potential leaks and spills 39 -- 4.18 Potential releases-cryogenic issues 41 -- 4.19 Tankage and thermal radiation 42 -- 5. Jetties and marine facilities 44 -- 5.1 Jetties 44 -- 5.2 Marine LNG tankers 47 -- 5.3 LNG carrier cargo tanks 47 -- 5.4 Cargo tank pressure control 48 -- 5.5 Pressure, temperature and gas monitoring 49 -- 5.6 Gas dangerous zones 49 -- 5.7 Emergency shutdown systems 50 -- 5.8 Hard-arms and Power Emergency Release Couplers (PERC) 52 -- 5.9 Firefighting systems 53 -- 5.10 Manifold and valves area 54 -- 5.11 Atmosphere control 55 -- 5.12 Cargo transfer 55 -- 5.13 Pre-arrival checks 56 -- 6. Passive fire protection 57 -- 6.1 PFP capabilities 57 -- 6.2 PFP ratings 58 -- 6.3 Cryogenic and fire testing of PFP 59 -- 6.4 Typical applications of passive fire protection 61 -- 6.5 Design considerations-all types of PFP 61 -- 6.6 Intumescent materials 62 -- 6.7 Cementitious materials 62 -- 6.8 Ceramic and mineral wool fibres 63 -- 6.9 Foamglass blocks for radiant heat reduction 64 -- 7. LNG, gas and fire detection 66 -- 7.1 Cryogenics liquid detection 66 -- 7.2 Gas detection 66 -- 7.3 Fire detection 70 -- 7.4 Recent incident experience 72 -- 7.5 Heat detection 72 -- 7.6 Flame detection 72 -- 8. Spill and fire control measures 76 -- 8.1 Foam for LNG vaporization reduction 76 -- 8.2 LNG vapour reduction 82 -- 8.3 LNG fire control and radiation reduction 84 -- 8.4 Extinguishment of LNG fires 86 -- 9. Emergency response plans 94 -- 9.1 Scenario-specific emergency response plans 94 -- 10. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 98 -- 10.1 Plant operators 98 -- 10.2 Breathing apparatus 98 -- 10.3 Responder personal protective equipment (PPE) 99 -- 11. Codes and standards 101 -- 11.1 Construction and operation of LNG facilities 101 -- 11.2 Fire protection codes and standards 103 -- 12. References 104 -- Acronyms and abbreviations 106 -- Appendices: -- A. Gas detection test work analysis 108 -- B. Foam system design considerations 111 -- C. Historical foam application data 115 -- D. LNG incidents 121 -- D .1 The C leveland fire 121 -- D.2 Staten Island, New York, February 1973 124 -- D.3 Cove Point, Maryland, October 1979 124 -- D.4 LNG incidents historical table 125 -- E. LNG road tanker incidents 128 -- E.1 Nevada, USA 128 -- E.2 Catalonia, Spain 129 -- E.3 W ales, UK 132 -- F. LNG ship pre-arrival checks 133 -- G. LNG ship/shore safety checklist 137 -- H. Repeat checks during cargo operations 144 |
| Summary |
"A reference tool for design engineers, project engineers, facility operators, safety professionals and fire and emergency responders, including public fire brigades, this booklet outlines the nature and main hazards of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and the special fire hazard management and emergency response measures required for such facilities."--BOOK JACKET |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references |
| Notes |
Print version record |
| Subject |
Liquefied natural gas -- Safety measures
|
|
Fire prevention.
|
|
Emergency management.
|
|
fire prevention.
|
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Emergency management
|
|
Fire prevention
|
|
Liquefied natural gas -- Safety measures
|
| Form |
Electronic book
|
| Author |
Institution of Chemical Engineers (Great Britain)
|
| LC no. |
2008371753 |
| ISBN |
9781615835010 |
|
1615835016 |
|
9780852955154 |
|
0852955154 |
|
