| Description |
1 online resource |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- Nucleation of Water -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Nomenclature -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 On nucleation of water -- 1.2 A brief history -- 1.3 About this book -- References -- 2 Physico-chemical concepts -- 2.1 Thermodynamic potentials and ensembles -- 2.1.1 Energy, work, and entropy -- 2.1.2 Thermodynamic potentials -- 2.1.2.1 Gibbs-Duhem equation(s) -- 2.1.2.2 Maxwell relations -- 2.1.2.3 Surface thermodynamics -- 2.1.3 Conditions for equilibrium -- 2.1.3.1 Clausius-Clapeyron equation -- 2.1.3.2 Kelvin equation -- 2.1.3.3 The phase rule and the limits of thermodynamics -- 2.1.4 Ensembles -- 2.1.4.1 Microcanonical ensemble -- 2.1.4.2 Canonical ensemble -- 2.1.4.3 Grand canonical ensemble -- 2.2 Thermodynamics of gas and liquid -- 2.2.1 Equations-of-state -- 2.2.2 Phase equilibrium -- 2.3 Kinetics -- 2.3.1 Kinetic theory of gases -- 2.3.1.1 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution -- 2.3.1.2 Beyond ideal gas -- 2.3.2 The principle of detailed balance and the law of mass action -- 2.4 Further reading -- References -- 3 Properties of water and ice -- 3.1 Water molecule and gaseous water -- 3.2 Liquid and amorphous water -- 3.2.1 Equilibrium vapor pressure -- 3.2.2 Latent heat of vaporization -- 3.2.3 Latent heat of fusion -- 3.2.4 Density -- 3.2.5 Surface tension -- 3.2.6 Isothermal compressibility -- 3.3 Ice -- 3.3.1 Equilibrium vapor pressure -- 3.3.2 Latent heat of sublimation -- 3.3.3 Density -- 3.3.4 Interfacial and surface tension -- 3.4 Mixture properties -- References -- 4 Homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation theory -- 4.1 General features of gas-liquid nucleation -- 4.2 Nucleation kinetics -- 4.3 Nucleation thermodynamics -- 4.4 Nucleation theorems -- 4.5 Classical nucleation theory -- 4.5.1 Self-consistency corrections -- 4.6 Scaling model for the critical clusters |
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4.7 Size dependence of the surface tension -- 4.8 Semiphenomenological nucleation theory -- 4.9 Nucleation models based on corresponding states correlations -- References -- 5 Homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation experiments -- 5.1 Nucleation experiments -- 5.2 Diffusion chambers -- 5.3 Expansion chambers -- 5.4 Experimental results and comparison with theories -- References -- 6 Simulations and molecular-based theories -- 6.1 Molecular approaches to nucleation -- 6.1.1 Water models -- 6.1.1.1 Rigid water models -- 6.1.1.2 Coarse-grained water models -- 6.1.1.3 Flexible and polarizable water models -- 6.2 Density functional theory of nucleation -- 6.2.1 The Lennard-Jones fluid -- 6.2.2 Other model fluids -- 6.2.3 Square gradient approximation -- 6.2.4 Diffuse interface theory -- 6.3 Molecular simulation -- 6.3.1 Molecular dynamics -- 6.3.2 Monte Carlo -- 6.4 Quantum chemistry -- 6.5 Comparison with experiments and theories -- References -- 7 Binary and multicomponent gas-liquid nucleation -- 7.1 Multicomponent gas-liquid nucleation -- 7.2 Nucleation kinetics -- 7.3 Nucleation thermodynamics -- 7.4 Nucleation theorems -- 7.5 Classical binary nucleation theory -- 7.6 Semi-phenomenological binary nucleation theory -- 7.7 Density functional binary nucleation theory -- 7.8 Water-surfactant nucleation -- 7.9 Nucleation of sulfuric acid and water -- 7.10 Homogeneous multicomponent nucleation in the atmosphere -- References -- 8 Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapor -- 8.1 Heterogeneous nucleation -- 8.2 Contact angle and solid surface tensions -- 8.3 Adsorption -- 8.4 Adsorption nucleation theory -- 8.5 Classical heterogeneous nucleation theory -- 8.6 Ion-induced nucleation -- 8.7 Comparison of experimental results and theoretical predictions -- 8.8 Dropwise condensation -- References -- 9 Cloud drop nucleation -- 9.1 Köhler theory |
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9.2 Particles with insoluble inclusions -- 9.3 Deliquescence and efflorescence -- 9.4 Kappa-Köhler model -- 9.5 Slightly soluble substances -- 9.6 Insoluble cloud condensation nuclei -- 9.6.1 Insoluble cloud condensation nuclei with soluble impurities -- 9.6.2 A note on the generalized Köhler equation(s) -- 9.6.3 Insoluble nuclei with fractal surfaces -- 9.7 Surfactant effects -- 9.7.1 Film-forming substances -- 9.7.2 Surface enrichment or phase separation? -- 9.8 Co-condensation of soluble gases -- 9.9 Laboratory experiments -- 9.10 Atmospheric observations -- References -- 10 Ice nucleation -- 10.1 Ice nucleation and freezing -- 10.2 Homogeneous freezing in pure water -- 10.3 Condensation freezing -- 10.4 Homogeneous freezing in solution -- 10.5 Immersion freezing -- 10.6 Deposition nucleation -- 10.7 Contact nucleation -- 10.8 Nucleation in and out of pores -- 10.8.1 Pore filling -- 10.8.2 Freezing inside pores -- 10.8.3 Out-of-pore nucleation -- 10.9 Ice nucleus types -- 10.10 Cirrus cloud formation -- 10.11 Freezing in mixed-phase and rainclouds -- 10.12 Cloud seeding -- 10.13 Polar stratospheric cloud formation -- 10.13.1 Thermodynamics of hydrates -- 10.13.2 Freezing of stratospheric liquid droplets -- 10.13.3 Heterogeneous nucleation -- 10.14 Frost nucleation -- References -- 11 Bubble nucleation -- 11.1 Cavitation and boiling -- 11.2 Thermodynamics -- 11.3 Kinetics -- 11.4 Third nucleation theorem -- 11.5 Heterogeneous bubble nucleation -- 11.6 Nucleation of dissolved gases -- 11.7 Experiments of cavitation and boiling in water -- 11.8 Cavitation and boiling in the Earth system -- 11.9 Applications -- 11.9.1 Biomedical applications -- 11.9.2 Engineering systems -- 11.9.3 Food and beverages -- References -- Index -- Back Cover |
| Summary |
Nucleation of Water: From Fundamental Science to Atmospheric and Additional Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of the current state-of-the-art regarding the nucleation of water. It covers vapor-liquid, liquid-vapor, liquid-ice and vapor-ice transitions and describes basic kinetic and thermodynamic concepts in a manner understandable to researchers working on specific applications. The main focus of the book lies in atmospheric phenomena, but it also describes engineering and biological applications. Bubble nucleation, although not of major atmospheric relevance, is included for completeness. This book presents a single, go-to resource that will help readers understand the breadth and depth of nucleation, both in theory and in real-world examples |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Notes |
Online resource; title from PDF title page (viewed December 01, 2021) |
| Subject |
Atmospheric nucleation.
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Nucleation.
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Water.
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Water
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water (inorganic material)
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Atmospheric nucleation
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Nucleation
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Water
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| Form |
Electronic book
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| Author |
Malila, Jussi, author
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| ISBN |
0128143223 |
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9780128143223 |
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